Aesculus hippocastanum is a species of flowering plant in the soapberry and lychee family Sapindaceae. It is a large deciduous, synoecious (hermaphroditic-flowered) tree, commonly known as horse-chestnut or conker tree.

Aesculus hippocastanum is a large tree, growing to about 39 metres (128 ft) tall with a domed crown of stout branches; on old trees the outer branches are often pendulous with curled-up tips. The leaves are opposite and palmately compound, with 5–7 leaflets; each leaflet is 13–30 ...

aesculus hippocastanum

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Symptoms-associated-with-high-INR

Symptoms associated with high INR

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High INR, or International Normalized Ratio, refers to an elevated level of blood clotting time. It may be asymptomatic or present with the following symptoms:

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Easy bruising</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Prolonged bleeding from minor cuts</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Heavy menstrual bleeding</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Hemorrhagic stroke</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Blood in urine or stool</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Nosebleeds</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Swelling and pain in the affected area</li></ul>

Causes-of-high-INR

Causes of high INR

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There are several diseases and conditions that can cause high INR. Some of these include:

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<ul><li>Consult a hepatologist or gastroenterologist for liver-related issues</li><li>Liver diseases such as cirrhosis or hepatitis can impair the production of clotting factors, leading to a high INR</li></ul>Vitamin K deficiency:

Causes-of-high-INR_1_3

<ul><li>Consult a nutritionist or dietitian for guidance on dietary changes</li><li>Vitamin K is essential for the synthesis of certain clotting factors, and deficiency can result in an elevated INR</li></ul>Hemophilia:

Causes-of-high-INR_1_4

<ul><li>Consult a hematologist for diagnosis and treatment</li><li>Hemophilia is a genetic disorder that results in impaired blood clotting, leading to a high INR</li></ul>Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC):

Causes-of-high-INR_1_5

<ul><li>Consult a hematologist or critical care specialist for diagnosis and treatment</li><li>DIC is a condition characterized by widespread blood clotting and bleeding, resulting in high INR</li></ul>

Causes-of-high-INR_1_6

Side-effects-of-medical-drugs-causing-high-INR:

Side effects of medical drugs causing high INR:

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Several medications can lead to a high INR. Some of these include:

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Warfarin: an anticoagulant used to prevent blood clots</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Heparin: another anticoagulant used in hospitals for various reasons, including preventing deep vein thrombosis</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): such as ibuprofen, which can increase the risk of bleeding</li></ul>

Herbal-and-natural-remedies

Herbal and natural remedies

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Herbs and natural treatments can be used to manage high INR. Some of these include:

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Herbal-and-natural-remedies_3_2

Ginkgo biloba (Ginkgo biloba):

Herbal-and-natural-remedies_3_3

<ul><li>Known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties</li><li>May help improve blood circulation</li></ul>&nbsp;

Herbal-and-natural-remedies_3_4

Horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum):

Herbal-and-natural-remedies_3_5

<ul><li>Traditionally used to treat venous insufficiency and varicose veins</li><li>May help reduce inflammation and improve blood vessel health</li></ul>&nbsp;

Herbal-and-natural-remedies_3_6

Garlic (Allium sativum):

Herbal-and-natural-remedies_3_7

<ul><li>Has blood-thinning properties that can help prevent clot formation</li><li>Possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits</li></ul>

Herbal-and-natural-remedies_3_8

Suggestions-for-changing-bad-life-habits-causing-high-INR

Suggestions for changing bad life habits causing high INR

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Maintain a balanced diet rich in vitamin K to support healthy clotting</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Exercise regularly to promote blood circulation and overall cardiovascular health</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Limit alcohol consumption, as excessive intake can negatively affect liver function and clotting factors</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Manage stress through mindfulness practices, such as meditation or yoga</li></ul>

Questions-and-Answers

Questions and Answers

Below-are-10-frequently-asked-questions-related-to-high-INR-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:

Below are 10 frequently asked questions related to high INR that are not covered in the article:

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Q: What is a normal INR range?

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A: A normal INR range is typically between 0.8 and 1.2 for healthy individuals not on blood-thinning medications.

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Below-are-10-frequently-asked-questions-related-to-high-INR-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_3

Q: Can certain foods affect my INR levels?

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A: Yes, foods high in vitamin K, such as leafy green vegetables, can affect INR levels. It is essential to maintain a consistent vitamin K intake while on blood-thinning medications.

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Below-are-10-frequently-asked-questions-related-to-high-INR-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_6

Q: How often should I have my INR checked?

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A: The frequency of INR testing depends on your medical condition and the medications you are taking. Consult your healthcare provider for specific recommendations.

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Below-are-10-frequently-asked-questions-related-to-high-INR-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_9

Q: Can dehydration affect my INR levels?

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A: Yes, dehydration can potentially increase INR levels. Staying well-hydrated is essential for overall health.

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Below-are-10-frequently-asked-questions-related-to-high-INR-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_12

Q: Is it safe to consume alcohol while taking blood-thinning medications?

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A: Consuming moderate amounts of alcohol is usually acceptable, but it's crucial to discuss this with your healthcare provider, as excessive alcohol consumption can negatively impact liver function and clotting factors.

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Below-are-10-frequently-asked-questions-related-to-high-INR-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_15

Q: Can high INR levels be a temporary condition?

Below-are-10-frequently-asked-questions-related-to-high-INR-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_16

A: Yes, high INR levels can be temporary due to factors such as medication adjustments, dietary changes, or illness. Regular monitoring and communication with your healthcare provider can help manage these fluctuations.

Below-are-10-frequently-asked-questions-related-to-high-INR-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_17

Below-are-10-frequently-asked-questions-related-to-high-INR-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_18

Q: How can I lower my INR levels naturally?

Below-are-10-frequently-asked-questions-related-to-high-INR-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_19

A: Consistently consuming a balanced diet rich in vitamin K, exercising regularly, and staying well-hydrated can help lower INR levels naturally. Consult your healthcare provider before making any significant changes to your diet or lifestyle.

Below-are-10-frequently-asked-questions-related-to-high-INR-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_20

Below-are-10-frequently-asked-questions-related-to-high-INR-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_21

Q: Can stress affect my INR levels?

Below-are-10-frequently-asked-questions-related-to-high-INR-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_22

A: While stress does not directly affect INR levels, it can indirectly impact your overall health and contribute to fluctuations in INR. Practicing stress management techniques is essential for overall well-being.

Below-are-10-frequently-asked-questions-related-to-high-INR-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_23

Below-are-10-frequently-asked-questions-related-to-high-INR-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_24

Q: Are there any over-the-counter supplements that can affect INR levels?

Below-are-10-frequently-asked-questions-related-to-high-INR-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_25

A: Yes, some supplements, such as vitamin E, fish oil, and coenzyme Q10, can potentially interact with blood-thinning medications and affect INR levels. Consult your healthcare provider before starting any new supplement.

Below-are-10-frequently-asked-questions-related-to-high-INR-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_26

Below-are-10-frequently-asked-questions-related-to-high-INR-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_27

Q: Can I take blood-thinning medications during pregnancy?

Below-are-10-frequently-asked-questions-related-to-high-INR-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_28

A: Some blood-thinning medications, such as warfarin, are not recommended during pregnancy due to potential risks to the developing fetus. If you require blood-thinning treatment during pregnancy, consult your healthcare provider for alternative options.

Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for high INR is crucial for maintaining optimal health. By seeking appropriate medical consultation, utilizing herbal and natural treatments, and adopting healthy lifestyle habits, you can effectively manage high INR and prevent complications. Stay informed and proactive to ensure your well-being.

 High INR: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

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Text adaptation: Rositsa Tashkova, Master of Molecular Biology and Microbiology

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Aspirin, ibuprofen (Nurofen) and paracetamol (acetaminophen) are among the most commonly used anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents. These medications are also among the most prescribed in connection with both the treatment and prevention of COVID-19, as well as for the relief of side effects after vaccination (fever, headache). Therefore, it is important to know which herbs to avoid in these moments.

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Aspirin is also used by many people as a prophylactic agent - in thrombophilia and for maintaining the cardiovascular system, since it has the property of thinning the blood - it is a platelet antiaggregant and prevents the formation of thrombs in blood vessels.

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Ibuprofen (known as Nurofen) also belongs to the class of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and is among the most commonly used medications for pain relief, fever and suppressing inflammation. The combination of ibuprofen and aspirin can be very dangerous! It is good to avoid taking it with drugs that have anticoagulant and antiaggregant effect (blood thinners).

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Due to the accessibility of these drugs and their widespread use, we hardly think&nbsp; about their potential negative interactions with another type of therapy, which we are also used to percieving as harmless - the herbal therapy. In this article you will learn which herbs and medicinal plants should not be taken when using these medications.

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The information comes from the article Herbal medication: potential for adverse interactions with analgesic drugs [<a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/en/eng/research/pubmed/Herbal_medication_potential_for_adverse_interactions_with_analgesic_drugs_12472978" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.1</a>].

Aspirin-and-ibuprofen---which-herbs-to-avoid

Aspirin and ibuprofen - which herbs to avoid

Aspirin-and-ibuprofen---which-herbs-to-avoid_0_0

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), especially aspirin, have the potential to interact with herbal supplements known to have antiplatelet activity with those containing coumarin and with tamarind, which increases the risk of bleeding. It is good not to use these herbs when taking aspirin or ibuprofen to avoid severe bleeding.

Aspirin-and-ibuprofen---which-herbs-to-avoid_0_1

Aspirin-and-ibuprofen---which-herbs-to-avoid_0_2

Herbs with antiplatelet activity:

Aspirin-and-ibuprofen---which-herbs-to-avoid_0_3

<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Ginkgo biloba,</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Garlic (Allium sativum),</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Ginger (Zingiber officinale),</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Blueberry (Vaccinium),</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Dong Quai or also called Danggui and female ginseng (Angelica sinensis),</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium),</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Ginseng (Panax ginseng),</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Turmeric (Curcuma longa),</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Meadowsweet or mead wort&nbsp;(Filipendula ulmaria)</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Willow (Salix) - a substance called salicyl is extracted from the young willow twigs, and then is used to produce aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid).</li>
</ul>

Aspirin-and-ibuprofen---which-herbs-to-avoid_0_4

Herbs that contain coumarin:

Aspirin-and-ibuprofen---which-herbs-to-avoid_0_5

<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla),</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Herbs of the genus Leonurus, e.g. motherwort (Leonurus cardiaca),</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum),</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-grecum)</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Red clover (Trifolium pratense).</li>
</ul>

Aspirin-and-ibuprofen---which-herbs-to-avoid_0_6

Paracetamol---which-herbs-to-avoid

Paracetamol - which herbs to avoid

Paracetamol---which-herbs-to-avoid_1_0

Paracetamol (acetaminophen) may also interact with ginkgo and possibly with at least some of the above mentioned herbs, which may increase the risk of bleeding.

Paracetamol---which-herbs-to-avoid_1_1

In addition, the frequency of hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity (damage to the liver and kidneys) can be increased by paracetamol when used simultaneously with potentially hepatotoxic herbs Echinacea purpurea&nbsp;and kava&nbsp;(Piper methysticum), and with herbs containing salicylate respectively - for example, willow and meadowsweet.

Opioid-painkillers--which-herbs-to-avoid

Opioid painkillers- which herbs to avoid

Opioid-painkillers--which-herbs-to-avoid_2_0

Simultaneous use of opioid painkillers with sedative herbal supplements, such as kava, chamomile and valerian (Valeriana officinalis), can lead to increased suppression of the central nervous system.

Opioid-painkillers--which-herbs-to-avoid_2_1

The analgesic effect of opioids can also be suppressed by <a href="/p/zhienshient_8_prichini_poradi_koito_kitaitsitie_gho_narichat_kralitsata_na_bilkitie" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">ginseng</a>.

Opioid-painkillers--which-herbs-to-avoid_2_2

It is important that both doctors and patients are aware of potential adverse interactions between herbal supplements and pain medications and take appropriate precautions to avoid their possible occurrence.

aesculus hippocastanum

Herbs to avoid when taking aspirin, nurofen and paracetamol