Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. These contrast with benign tumors, which do not spread. Possible signs and symptoms include a lump, abnormal bleeding, prolonged cough, unexplained weight loss, and a change in bowel movements. While these symptoms may indicate cancer, they can also have other causes. Over 100 types of cancers affect humans.Tobacco use is the cause of about 22% of cancer deaths. Another ...

neoplasms

Nutritional-benefits-and-composition-of-Bok-choy

Nutritional benefits and composition of Bok choy 

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Bok-choy-is-a-very-nutritious-vegetable

Bok choy is a very nutritious vegetable

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Like other green leafy and cruciferous vegetables, bok choy is rich in health-beneficial nutrients, including a wide range of vitamins and minerals. In one glass (70 grams) grated bok choy has the following nutrients:

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Calories: 9 kcal</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Protein: 1 gram</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Total fat: 0 grams</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Total carbohydrates: 1.5 grams</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Total sugar: 1 gram</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Fiber: 1 gram</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Calcium: 6% of the daily value (DV)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Iron: 3% of DV</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Magnesium: 3% of DV</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Phosphorus: 2% of DV</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Potassium: 4% of DV</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Zinc: 1% of DV</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Manganese: 5% of DV</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Selenium: 1% of DV</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Vitamin C: 35% of DV</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Folic acid: 12% of DV</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Vitamin A: 17% of DV</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Vitamin K: 27% of DV</li></ul>As it becomes clear, bok choy is an excellent source of vitamins C and K. It also contains fibers that support normal digestion and helps reduce the risk of many chronic diseases, including some cancers. &nbsp;<a href="https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/97/5/1036/4577028" target="_blank" data-ref="Intake of fiber and fiber-rich plant foods is associated with a lower risk of renal cell carcinoma in a large US cohort" rel="noopener">[ref. 1]</a>&nbsp;

Bok-choy-has-potential-anti-cancer-properties

Bok choy has potential anti-cancer properties 

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Scientists have studied the family of cruciferous vegetables for potential cancer benefits. These effects seem to come from their sulfur compounds, called glucosinolates, and their decay products called isothiocyanates. &nbsp; <a href="http://koreascience.or.kr/article/JAKO201321365237666.page" target="_blank" data-ref="												Cruciferous Vegetables: Dietary Phytochemicals for Cancer Prevention				-Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention						 | Korea Science" rel="noopener">[Ref. 2]</a>&nbsp;

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One study found that bok choy consumption at least once a week was associated with a significantly lower risk of oral, esophageal, colorectal cancer, and breast, and kidney cancer compared to people who had never consumed bok choy. 3 Furthermore, bok choy is a rich source of the mineral selenium, which can also have anticancer properties.

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In another analysis of multiple studies, the researchers found that high exposure to selenium, detected through blood levels or in the toenails, was associated with a lower risk of breast, lung, esophagus, stomach and prostate cancer. &nbsp;<a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/srep19213?error=cookies_not_supported&amp;code=91426ba7-6eaa-4b62-9e39-57c5e8457855" target="_blank" data-ref="Selenium Exposure and Cancer Risk: an Updated Meta-analysis and Meta-regression - Scientific Reports" rel="noopener">[ref. 3]</a>&nbsp;

Bok-choy-to-support-bone-and-joint-health

Bok choy to support bone and joint health 

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A number of minerals in the plant support bone health. Such are calcium, phosphorus, zinc, magnesium and vitamin K. Zinc and iron play a role in collagen synthesis and vitamin D metabolism. Collagen is a type of protein that forms a matrix in your joints and skeletal system, helping to maintain bone structure and strength. Unfortunately, it is depleted with age, and therefore it is necessary to consume more foods rich in calcium, along with vitamin D and magnesium for optimal absorption.

Bok-choy-for-heart-health

Bok choy for heart health 

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Bok choy contains the minerals potassium, magnesium, and calcium, which help to naturally regulate blood pressure. The vegetable is also an excellent source of folate and vitamin B6. Studies have found that these nutrients can prevent the accumulation of homocysteine. Homocysteine can damage blood vessels and increase the risk of heart disease and stroke if it has elevated levels in the body. &nbsp;<a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/647576" target="_blank" data-ref="" rel="noopener">[Ref. 4]</a>&nbsp;

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Potential-Side-Effects

Potential Side Effects 

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Although bok choy offers a number of health benefits, it can also have drawbacks for some people when consumed in large quantities.

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In raw, uncoated form, cruciferous vegetables contain an enzyme called myrosinase, which breaks down the glucosinolates that these vegetables also contain.

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Some of the degradation products of glucosinolates can prevent the body from absorbing iodine, which is crucial for thyroid function. In addition, since bok choy is rich in vitamin K, you may not want to consume it in larger quantities if you are taking blood-thinning drugs.

Bok choy is a cruciate, leafy vegetable that is widely present in Asian cuisine. It provides a wide variety of vitamins and minerals, as well as antioxidants and fibers that are good for your health. In fact, bok choy can be useful for heart health, bone health, and thyroid function. It may even have anticancer properties, but for some people, it is not recommended to consume it in large quantities.&nbsp;

Nutritional benefits and composition of Bok Choy (Brassica rapa) - delicious Chinese cabbage

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Nutritional benefits and composition of Bok Choy (Brassica rapa) - del

Бетина Цветкова

What-we-need-to-know-about-cucumber

What we need to know about cucumber

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Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) causes controversy among experts, since they often consider it both fruit and vegetable, since it belongs to the same family of plants as that of pumpkin and watermelon, that is, the pumpkin family (Cucurbitaceae).

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Well-known and refreshing cucumbers are long and thin, available in many colors. They have a distinct soft taste and a slight smell of melon due to the presence of aldehydes. The slight bitterness of the cucumber skin is due to the hellebore in it. For these biochemical compounds, on the other hand, there is evidence that they have an anticancer effect! 1 The more complex medical and scientific details are described in the studies, but in short the esthetic and semisynthetic hellebobitasins show promising anticancer effects ranging from antiproliferation, cell cycle cessation to apoptosis induction (programmed cell death).

Nutritional-facts-about-cucumbers

Nutritional facts about cucumbers 

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Cucumbers contain 96% water. They are ideal for detoxification and prevention of dehydration. Cucumbers are also rich in phytonutrients and vitamin K. They are also a very good source of pantothene acid and molybdenum. Cucumbers also contain honey, potassium, manganese, vitamin C, phosphorus, magnesium and vitamin B1.

10-health-benefits-of-consuming-cucumbers

10 health benefits of consuming cucumbers 

Source-of-antioxidants-and-trace-elements

Source of antioxidants and trace elements 

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Cucumbers contain antioxidants such as beta carotene and flavonoids, which help fight inflammation and protect cells from chronic diseases. According to a publication in the Journal of Aging Research and Clinical Practice, cucumbers contain a group of polyphenols called lygnations, which can be useful in treating estrogen-related cancer.&nbsp;

Regulate-blood-pressure

Regulate blood pressure 

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Cucumbers are a good source of potassium, magnesium and dietary fiber. These nutrients are known to lower blood pressure, thereby reducing the risk of heart disease.

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Research also proves that regular consumption of cucumber juice is useful for reducing blood pressure in elderly people with hypertension.

Useful-for-digestion

Useful for digestion 

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Cucumbers act as a cooler for our stomach. Soluble fiber in cucumbers helps to slow digestion. In addition, the high water content in the cucumber makes our feces soft, prevents constipation and helps to regularly visit the toilet.

Reduces-blood-sugar

Reduces blood sugar 

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Cucumbers are known to reduce blood sugar levels, thus being useful in the management and prevention of diabetes mellitus.&nbsp;

Help-with-weight-loss

Help with weight loss 

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Cucumbers contain 96% water and are low-calorie. In 100 g cucumber has only 15.5 calories. The high water content and low calorie content in cucumbers help to reduce weight.

Rich-in-vitamins

Rich in vitamins 

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Cucumbers contain a number of B vitamins, including vitamin B1, vitamin B5 and vitamin B7 (biotin). They are important for brain health, nervous system, hair and skin health, energy metabolism, etc.

Nicer-skin-with-cucumbers

Nicer skin with cucumbers 

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Cucumbers are great means for maintaining natural beauty. Applying cucumber juice to the skin makes it soft and radiant. The anti-inflammatory effects of cucumber naturally brighten our skin and reduce blackening.

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Useful-for-hair-&-nails

Useful for hair & nails 

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Cucumbers contain silica, which is an important component in hair and nail care. They help strengthen nails and protect them from fragility, along with other B vitamins they contain.

Prevent-bad-breath

Prevent bad breath 

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Phytochemicals present in cucumber destroy bacteria in our mouths that cause bad breath. Of course, besides them, other means are needed to deal with bad breath, if it is present. The causes may be stomach problems, teething problems, etc.

Potential-anticancer-action

Potential anticancer action 

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As mentioned, the cuckoo cells present in cucumbers have anticancer properties, including in prostate cancer&nbsp;<a href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0304383514001608" target="_blank" data-ref="Redirecting" rel="noopener">[ref. 1]</a>&nbsp;

Cucumbers have rather a neutral taste and can fit into a number of dishes. However you are used to eating them, they always provide great health benefits, including antioxidants, fiber, vitamins, anticancer ingredients and plenty of water.

10 health benefits of consuming cucumbers

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Origin-of-sandalwood-(Santalum-album)

Origin of sandalwood (Santalum album)

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Sandalwood is considered spiritual and mystical in Hindu mythology. Since ancient times it has been part of the skin and beauty care regime. Its homeland is southern India and Southeast Asia.&nbsp;

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Sandalwood refers to the wood (core) of wood species belonging to the Santalaceae family and santalum genus. The wood from these trees has a characteristic aromatic aroma. There are many species of trees that fall into this genus, of which the East Indian sandalwood (Santalum album) &nbsp;<a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/herb/15988" target="_blank" data-ref="Santalum album" rel="noopener">[ref. 1] and</a> the Australian sandalwood (S. spicatum) &nbsp;<a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/herb/20576" target="_blank" data-ref="Santalum spicatum" rel="noopener">[ref. 2]</a>&nbsp; are among the most famous.

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Its enticing aroma calms the mind and relieves anxiety by relaxing the central nervous system as well. This is a great help in meditation, and its natural firming properties help to tone the old skin when used topically on it.

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With a fragrance that promotes concentration and tranquility and diuretic properties that help eliminate toxins, sandalwood purifies both the body and mind. It is also a relaxant that can be used to treat cramps and not only.

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Therapeutic-properties-of-sandalwood

Therapeutic properties of sandalwood 

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Sandalwood for insomnia and anxiety 

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The chemical compounds "sesquiterpenes", present in the essential oil of sandalwood, stimulate the pineal gland in the brain to produce melatonin. It is the main hormone that regulates sleep cycles, promotes complete rest, and eradicates insomnia, as well as other sleep disorders.

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The aroma of the oil has a powerful effect on the limbic system of the brain and has sedative qualities that can provide a continuous night's sleep.

Promotes-concentration-and-mental-clarity

Promotes concentration and mental clarity  

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Used for millennia to promote clarity of mind and as an aid in meditation, sandalwood has been the subject of recent research that confirms it is able to improve mood and concentration.

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Sandalwood essential oil is rich in the active compound alpha-santalol. In a study published in the journal Planta Medica, the researchers found that alpha-santalol helps for improved attention and mood compared to placebo. The study also found that sandalwood increased participants' blood pressure, heart rate, and sweating, which were markers of increased alertness. &nbsp;<a href="https://www.thieme-connect.de/products/ejournals/abstract/10.1055/s-2006-941544" target="_blank" data-ref="Thieme E-Journals - Planta Medica / Abstract" rel="noopener">[ref. 3]</a>&nbsp;

Aphrodisiac

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One of the many traditional uses of sandalwood is as a natural aphrodisiac. It has been found that the aroma and chemical effects of sandalwood are similar to those of androsterone &ndash; human pheromones. This androsterone effect helps to promote sensuality by relieving tension and mental blockages that can cause impotence and loss of libido.

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Did you know that: sandalwood is a popular ingredient in aftershave for men? The similarity of androsterone to male pheromones sends a subtle but very effective erotic signal to the opposite sex, which is believed to increase the attraction of the other sex!

Sandalwood-for-skin-health

Sandalwood for skin health 

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As a natural anti-inflammatory agent, sandalwood is rich in antioxidants that fight damage to free radicals associated with aging.

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It also improves the condition in skin conditions such as acne, psoriasis and eczema. In a study published in the Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology, the researchers found that sandalwood reduces the severity of these conditions. In the treatment of warts with sandalwood, it was found that a mixture of salicylic acid and santalol (the active compound in the sandalwood) completely clears the warts in 21% of the treatment group.

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The anti-inflammatory and antiseptic action of sandalwood makes it an effective remedy for insect bites and superficial wounds. You can also use sandalwood powder or sandalwood oils for acne or skin bleaching or for daily skin care.

Possible-applications-of-sandalwood-in-psoriasis

Possible applications of sandalwood in psoriasis 

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Psoriasis is a skin condition in which a person suffers from itchy, scaly and red spots usually on the elbows, knees, body and scalp. When applied topically to places where plaques are found, sandalwood has been shown in studies to reduce the severity of the disease. This is due to its potential anti-inflammatory effect.

Potential-applications-of-sandalwood-for-cancer-treatment

Potential applications of sandalwood for cancer treatment

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The &alpha;-santalol, present in sandalwood, has anticancer properties, as evidenced by animal studies and cell cultures. Therefore, it has potential use in the treatment of skin tumors, which need to be further studied before its use in humans. &nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="https://ar.iiarjournals.org/content/35/6/3137" target="_blank" data-ref="Anticancer Effects of Sandalwood (Santalum album)" rel="noopener">[ref. 1]</a>&nbsp;

Potential-applications-of-sandalwood-for-the-treatment-of-ulcers

Potential applications of sandalwood for the treatment of ulcers 

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An ulcer is a rupture of the mucous membrane of the stomach or intestines. Studies have shown that sandalwood has anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. Sandalwood oil can be effective against Helicobacter pylori, a bacterium responsible for the development of a gastric ulcer. Thus, the oil extract of sandalwood can be used in the treatment of gastric and intestinal ulcers. However, ulcers are a serious threat to health and should be treated properly by a doctor.

Skin-&-hair-care-with-sandalwood

Skin & hair care with sandalwood

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Prevention of hair loss: By tightening the skin tissue, sandalwood essential oil strengthens the hair roots.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Anti-dandruff: The cooling, antibacterial nature of the sandalwood soothes the sensitive scalp and limits infections, preventing peeling.</li></ul>How to use sandalwood for beautifying procedures? Dilute sandalwood essential oil with a base oil such as jojoba oil or sweet almond oil and use it in scalp massage oil.

Sandalwood has antiviral, antimicrobial and antifungal properties, as well as anticancer properties. In the form of oil can be used to improve mood and concentration, as well as in skin problems such as psoriasis, acne and eczema. High in antioxidants, sandalwood oil largely reduces signs of aging, protecting the skin from the negative effects of free radicals.&nbsp;

Sandalwood Oil: Health Benefits and Uses (Santalum album)

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Why-vision-is-extremely-important

Why vision is extremely important 

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Our eyes receive light from the world around us and send visual information to the brain. The eyes can see at about 200 degrees in all directions, including in front of you and on the side (peripheral vision). Parts of your eyes work together to allow you to see images, movement, and depth.&nbsp;

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Did you also know that our eyes are adapted to see about 7 million shades of color? About 80% of the information from our surroundings that reaches the brain comes from them. The visual cortex is located at the back of the brain and is the main part that receives, integrates and processes visual information that the retina of the eye transmits.

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Many conditions can affect eye work, including common vision problems such as myopia (myopia), astigmatism, and eye injuries. Several diseases and disorders that are not necessarily related to the eyes can cause problems with them, including autoimmune diseases, <a href="https://www.hindawi.com/journals/joph/2015/734527/" target="_blank" data-ref="Pathogenesis of Common Ocular Diseases" rel="noopener">diabetes, and high blood pressure.</a>&nbsp;[ref. 1]&nbsp;

Components-of-the-human-eye

Components of the human eye 

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The different components of our eyes are:

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<ol><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Iris - the colored area of the eye. Depending on the color of your eyes, the iris can be in any shade of blue, green, hazelnut or brown.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Cornea - a transparent layer that extends over the iris. Water and collagen make up the cornea. And the tears protect the cornea and keep it well lubricated.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Pupil - the black circle that is in the middle of your iris. It expands and shrinks to control how much light enters the eye.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Sclera - the white parts of the eye that surround the iris.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Conjunctiva - a clean, thin fabric that covers the sclera and outlines the inside of the eyelids.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">A lens that sits behind the pupil. It focuses the light that enters your eye and sends light to the back of the eye.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Retina - a set of cells that cover the inner part of the back of the eye. Part of your nervous system, the retina senses light and converts it into electrical impulses or neural signals. The retina has sticks (cells that help you see in low light) and cones (cells that recognize color).</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Macula - a small area that is part of the retina. It is responsible for central vision and helps you see fine details and color.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">An optic nerve that's behind the retina. It carries signals from the retina to the brain, which then interprets this visual information to tell you what you see.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Muscles controling the position and movement of your eye, how much light enters the eye, and the ability of the eyes to focus.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Vitreous body - a transparent gel that fills your entire eye. Protects and maintains the shape of the eye.</li></ol>

Health-conditions-affecting-the-function-of-the-eyes

Health conditions affecting the function of the eyes

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There are hundreds of conditions, disorders, diseases, and injuries that affect the eyes. This is another reason to act preventively against them, and not to seek solutions only when they are present.

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Conditions that affect the eyes include:

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Age changes in vision: Your eyes change with age. In some cases, cataracts, macular degeneration, or detached retina may occur. Presbyopia (loss of close focal vision) usually begins to affect people around the age of 45.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Cancer: Tumors can be the result of intraocular&nbsp;melanoma and retinoblastoma.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Diseases: Many types of eye diseases can affect the eyes, including congenital (available at birth) cataracts, glaucoma and optic atrophy.&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Infection and irritation: conjunctivitis, blepharitis, barley, and dry eyes cause redness, swelling, and discomfort. Eye tearing can be obtained when the eye does not drain tears properly or the eyes are irritated or dry.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Hereditary diseases: pigment retinitis is an inherited condition that can lead to blindness.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Injuries: Corneal abrasion&nbsp;and detached retina can be the result of an eye injury. Accidents can cause bleeding from the eyes and irritation. Foreign objects can also damage the eye.</li></ul>

Symptoms-of-eye-diseases---how-to-recognize-signs

Symptoms of eye diseases - how to recognize signs

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There are various signals that indicate eye problems, for example:

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Eye pain, redness, swelling, bleeding, or secretion.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Eyes that cross or point in different directions.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Eyes that are itching or very dry.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Flashes of light, especially in peripheral vision.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Headaches and squint.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Inability to move the eyes or open or close the eyelid.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Lots of spots or one dark spot in the middle of the field of vision.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Sensitivity to light or vision problems in low light.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Changes in vision, including cloudy or blurred vision</li></ul>

Living-and-working-in-front-of-a-computer-screen---what-are-the-risks

Living and working in front of a computer screen - what are the risks

Living-and-working-in-front-of-a-computer-screen---what-are-the-risks_4_0

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Most people know that the sun can hurt our eyes, but they are not aware of any other problematic bright lights emitted by computer screens. In short, these screens are much less harmful than the sun. This is because screens are not as bright as the sun, and newer screens usually do not produce UV rays - the most harmful kind of light the sun emits. Instead, the most important light that screens produce is high-energy blue light with a short wavelength.

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In the short term, blue light is mostly associated with potentially causing eye strain. &nbsp;<a href="http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20181220&amp;flag=1" target="_blank" data-ref="Research progress about the effect and prevention of blue light on eyes" rel="noopener">[ref. 2]</a>&nbsp; According to the American Optometric Association, this is not usually a serious problem and can mostly be solved by usually shifting your gaze from the screen, as well as more time out in the wild.

Living-and-working-in-front-of-a-computer-screen---what-are-the-risks_4_3

In the short term, it is known that staring at screens for a long time causes computer vision syndrome. This condition can be irritating and even detrimental to a person's work and daily activities. Potentially cause:

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Severe headache.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Eye strain.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Blurred vision.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Dry eyes.</li></ul>This syndrome is not actually caused only by exposure to blue light; it is caused by a combination of factors. The first factor is the duration of exposure, i.e. exposure to a screen. At least seven hours in front of the screen, we can talk about prolonged exposure. The problem is compounded by the fact that many people, unfortunately, have a habit of maintaining a bad posture while staring at the work screen.

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There is something to be done to avoid this problem with vision during prolonged operation of a computer:

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">There are many tables and articles online with instructions on how to properly sit in front of your computer. Posture and proper distance from your PC can really help reduce eye strain. Although you may not notice an immediate difference, you will feel the effect of good posture and ergonomics over time. Important are the distances of the chair from the floor, on the desk, the corners under which your legs and elbows will sit, do you have lumbar support, and others.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Try to choose lights for your workspace or home properly so that the level of light in the room is approximately equal to how much light your screen will produce. Contrasting levels of light, such as being in a dark room while looking at a bright screen, can load the eyes faster.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Practice the rule 20-20-20. This simple rule can help with eye strain. All you have to do is take a break every 20 minutes to stare at an object about 20 meters away for at least 20 seconds. This helps to give your eyes a break by focusing on a bright screen that's near you.</li></ul>

Eyes are a window into the world that we must protect properly. This actually means providing important nutrients, remedies for different conditions, regular ophthalmic examinations, and eye sun protection all year round. This topic will be increasingly relevant against the background of the thousands of hours we spend in front of computers or mobile screens. It is also important not to forget to give rest to the eyes and to be informed about various eye diseases.