Solidago virgaurea (European goldenrod or woundwort) is an herbaceous perennial plant of the family Asteraceae. It is widespread across most of Europe as well as North Africa and northern, central, and southwestern Asia (China, Russia, India, Turkey, Kazakhstan, etc.). It is grown as a garden flower with many different cultivars. It flowers profusely in late summer.

Solidago virgaurea is a perennial herb up to 100 cm (40 inches) tall, with a branching underground caudex and a woody rhizome. It produces ...

solidago virgaurea

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Symptoms-of-hyponatremia

Symptoms of hyponatremia

Symptoms-of-hyponatremia_0_0

Hyponatremia, or low sodium levels in the blood, can present with a variety of symptoms, some of which may be difficult to identify. These include:

Symptoms-of-hyponatremia_0_1

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Headache</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Fatigue</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Nausea</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Vomiting</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Muscle cramps</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Confusion</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Seizures</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Coma</li></ul>

Causes-of-hyponatremia-and-related-diseases

Causes of hyponatremia and related diseases

Causes-of-hyponatremia-and-related-diseases_1_0

There are several underlying diseases and conditions that can lead to hyponatremia. It is important to consult a medical professional, such as an endocrinologist or nephrologist, for an accurate diagnosis. Some possible causes include:

Addison's-disease

Addison's disease

Addison's-disease_1_0

An endocrine disorder causing insufficient production of hormones, leading to low blood sodium levels.

Congestive-heart-failure

Congestive heart failure

Congestive-heart-failure_1_0

A condition where the heart cannot pump blood effectively, resulting in fluid retention and diluted sodium levels.

Chronic-kidney-disease

Chronic kidney disease

Chronic-kidney-disease_1_0

Kidney dysfunction can lead to an inability to regulate sodium levels.

Liver-cirrhosis

Liver cirrhosis

Liver-cirrhosis_1_0

&nbsp;Advanced liver disease causing fluid accumulation and dilution of blood sodium levels.

Syndrome-of-inappropriate-antidiuretic-hormone-(SIADH)-secretion:

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) secretion:

Syndrome-of-inappropriate-antidiuretic-hormone-(SIADH)-secretion:_1_0

A condition causing excessive release of antidiuretic hormone, leading to water retention and low sodium levels.

Medications-that-can-cause-hyponatremia

Medications that can cause hyponatremia

Medications-that-can-cause-hyponatremia_2_0

Certain medications can cause hyponatremia as a side effect. Some of these drugs include:

Medications-that-can-cause-hyponatremia_2_1

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Diuretics: These medications help remove excess fluid from the body, but can also cause electrolyte imbalances.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Antidepressants: Some antidepressants, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), can cause low sodium levels.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Antiepileptic drugs: Medications used to treat seizures, like carbamazepine, can contribute to hyponatremia.</li></ul>

Medications-that-can-cause-hyponatremia_2_2

Herbal-and-natural-remedies-for-hyponatremia

Herbal and natural remedies for hyponatremia

Herbal-and-natural-remedies-for-hyponatremia_3_0

There are several herbs and natural remedies that can help support the body's sodium balance. Some of these include:

Herbal-and-natural-remedies-for-hyponatremia_3_1

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Urtica dioica (Stinging Nettle): Known for its diuretic properties, stinging nettle can help promote healthy sodium levels.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Solidago virgaurea (Goldenrod): This herb has diuretic and anti-inflammatory properties, making it beneficial for maintaining a healthy sodium balance.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Taraxacum officinale (Dandelion): Dandelion leaf can act as a natural diuretic, helping to regulate fluid and electrolyte levels.</li></ul>

Lifestyle-changes-to-prevent-hyponatremia

Lifestyle changes to prevent hyponatremia

Lifestyle-changes-to-prevent-hyponatremia_4_0

To prevent hyponatremia, consider implementing the following lifestyle changes:

Lifestyle-changes-to-prevent-hyponatremia_4_1

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Stay hydrated: Drink an adequate amount of water, but avoid overhydration.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Monitor your sodium intake: Consume a balanced diet that includes appropriate levels of sodium.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Exercise regularly: Regular physical activity can help maintain proper fluid and electrolyte balance.</li></ul>

Lifestyle-changes-to-prevent-hyponatremia_4_2

Questions-and-Answers

Questions and Answers

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:

Below are ten frequently asked questions that are not covered in the article:

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_0

Q: What is the normal range for sodium levels in the blood?

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_1

A: The normal range for blood sodium levels is typically between 135 and 145 milliequivalents per liter (mEq/L).

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_2

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_3

Q: How is hyponatremia diagnosed?

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_4

A: Hyponatremia is diagnosed through blood tests and a physical examination. Your doctor may also order additional tests to determine the underlying cause of the low sodium levels.

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_5

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_6

Q: Can I get hyponatremia from drinking too much water?

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_7

A: Yes, drinking excessive amounts of water can lead to a condition called water intoxication, which dilutes sodium levels in the blood and can cause hyponatremia.

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_8

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_9

Q: How long does it take to recover from hyponatremia?

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_10

A: The recovery time for hyponatremia varies depending on the severity and underlying cause. In some cases, it can take days or weeks to recover, while in others, it may take longer.

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_11

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_12

Q: Is hyponatremia a life-threatening condition?

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_13

A: In severe cases, hyponatremia can be life-threatening, especially if not treated promptly. Low sodium levels can lead to seizures, coma, and even death.

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_14

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_15

Q: What should I do if I suspect I have hyponatremia?

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_16

A: If you suspect you have hyponatremia, consult a healthcare professional immediately for a proper evaluation and treatment plan.

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_17

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_18

Q: Can I prevent hyponatremia by increasing my salt intake?

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_19

A: While consuming an appropriate amount of salt can help maintain healthy sodium levels, excessive salt intake can lead to other health problems, such as high blood pressure. It is essential to consume a balanced diet and follow your healthcare professional's recommendations.

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_20

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_21

Q: Are there any long-term complications associated with hyponatremia?

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_22

A: If left untreated, chronic hyponatremia can lead to complications such as neurological damage, cognitive impairment, and bone fractures.

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_23

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_24

Q: Can certain foods help prevent or treat hyponatremia?

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_25

A: Consuming a balanced diet with a variety of foods containing sodium, potassium, and other essential electrolytes can help maintain a healthy electrolyte balance and prevent hyponatremia.

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_26

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_27

Q: Are athletes more prone to developing hyponatremia?

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_28

A: Athletes, particularly endurance athletes, may be at a higher risk for developing hyponatremia due to excessive sweating, high fluid intake, and prolonged physical exertion. It is crucial for athletes to monitor their hydration and electrolyte levels during exercise to prevent hyponatremia.

Understanding the symptoms, causes, and treatments of hyponatremia can empower you to take control of your health. By following the practical advice outlined in this article, you can support a healthy sodium balance and avoid the complications of low sodium levels.

Low Sodium Levels: Understanding Hyponatremia

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Екипът на Санацио

Author: Elena Marinova, Master of Pharmacy

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Cystitis is an inflammation of the bladder and can be classified as acute or interstitial. Acute cystitis occurs suddenly, while interstitial is chronic or of a long duration, affecting all layers of the bladder.

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Cystitis is most often caused by pathogenic microorganisms - bacteria (most often E. coli). They enter through the urinary canal and reach the bladder, where they multiply and can cause a severe infection that also affects the kidneys.

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Cystitis can be caused by bacteria that have entered from the external environment or when the balance of bacteria in the body is disrupted. Inflammation of the bladder may also be due to:

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<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">taking certain medicines;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">catheter use;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">exposure to radiation;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">use of certain irritant hygiene products.</li>
</ul>

What-Are-The-Symptoms-Of-Cystitis

What Are The Symptoms Of Cystitis

What-Are-The-Symptoms-Of-Cystitis_0_0

Cystitis has many characteristic symptoms, although sometimes it occurs asymptomatic during pregnancy, which requires frequent urine&nbsp;tests to timely find the bacterial infection and prevent the spread of it to the kidneys.

What-Are-The-Symptoms-Of-Cystitis_0_1

Here are the most common symptoms of cystitis:

What-Are-The-Symptoms-Of-Cystitis_0_2

<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">frequent urge to urinate;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">feeling of need to urinate immediately after emptying the bladder;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">discoloration of urine - cloudiness;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">pain during intercourse;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">increase in body temperature (when there is a bacterial infection);</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">feeling of pressure, heaviness and fullness of the bladder.</li>
</ul>

What-Are-The-Symptoms-Of-Cystitis_0_3

Treatment-And-Prevention-Of-Cystitis

Treatment And Prevention Of Cystitis

Treatment-And-Prevention-Of-Cystitis_1_0

There are three main ways to treat cystitis, but most often a combination of them is used:

Treatment-And-Prevention-Of-Cystitis_1_1

<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Herbal treatment - many plants are used for the prevention and treatment of uroinfections. Some of these herbs are known from antiquity and are widely used in folk medicine to this day. Other plants are thoroughly studied and there is credible evidence for their healing properties. With the help of herbs for the prevention and treatment of a mild form of cystitis, the use of antibiotics can be avoided.</li>
</ul>

Treatment-And-Prevention-Of-Cystitis_1_2

<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Antibiotics - they are used to treat acute inflammation of the bladder or when inflammation has become chronic (repeated over time). Simultaneous use of herbs and antibiotic leads to more effective treatment.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Operative intervention - it is usually avoided by doctors [<a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/cystitis#risk-factors" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.1</a>].</li>
</ul>

American-Cranberry

American Cranberry

American-Cranberry_2_0

The American cranberry is also known as large cranberry and bearberry. We have all heard of and seen the American cranberry, and the juicy fruit of this plant attracts the attention of both us and many animals.

American-Cranberry_2_1

In fact, cranberry is not a single species, but a group of plants, which is represented by different species characteristic of different regions of the world. For example, in the UK the species Vaccinium oxycoccus is called the cranberry,&nbsp;while in North America the cranberry is Vaccinium macrocarpon.

American-Cranberry_2_2

Vaccinium vitis idaea, which is cultivated and found in a wild state, is common in Bulgaria. Different types of cranberry represent evergreen shrubs or lianas. The stem is thin and tough, with small evergreen leaves. The flowers are dark pink and the fruits are larger than the leaves, they are edible, and are initially light green but the ripe fruits are red.&nbsp;&nbsp;

American-Cranberry_2_3

Application-Of-American-Cranberry-In-Cystitis-Treatment

Application Of American Cranberry In Cystitis Treatment

Application-Of-American-Cranberry-In-Cystitis-Treatment_3_0

The fruits&nbsp;of the American cranberry Vaccinium macrocarpon are used for cystitis and other inflammations of the urinary tract. They are rich in proantocyanidines. Studies have been done to prove that these substances have anti-adhesive activity, i.e. prevent the attachment of the bacterium E. coli (one of the main causative agents of uroinfections) to the walls of the urinary tract. <a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/en/eng/research/pubmed/A_type_cranberry_proanthocyanidins_and_uropathogenic_bacterial_anti_adhesion_activity_16055161" target="_blank" rel="noopener">[ref.2]</a>

Application-Of-American-Cranberry-In-Cystitis-Treatment_3_1

Ripe fruits of American cranberry are red in color. They can be consumed fresh or dried. Many dietary supplements that are used for urinary tract inflammation contain American cranberry. Juice is prepared from the fruit, the regular intake of which reduces the amount of bacteria in the urine in older women. [<a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/en/eng/research/pubmed/Reduction_of_bacteriuria_and_pyuria_after_ingestion_of_cranberry_juice_8093138" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.3</a>]

Application-Of-American-Cranberry-In-Cystitis-Treatment_3_2

The fruits of cranberry are rich in polyphenols - substances that have antioxidant (defuse free radicals), cardioprotective (protect the heart and blood vessels), anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and other actions. <a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/en/eng/research/pubmed/Cranberries_and_their_bioactive_constituents_in_human_health_24228191" target="_blank" rel="noopener">[ref.4]</a>

Application-Of-American-Cranberry-In-Cystitis-Treatment_3_3

The-Mountain-Cranberry-Also-Has-Beneficial-Properties-In-Cystitis-Treatment

The Mountain Cranberry Also Has Beneficial Properties In Cystitis Treatment

The-Mountain-Cranberry-Also-Has-Beneficial-Properties-In-Cystitis-Treatment_4_0

The mountain cranberry is also knows as lingonberry, partridgeberry, cowberry or Vaccinium vitis idaea. Both American cranberry and Vaccinium vitis idaea are rich in the same biologically active substances, but the difference is that they are highest in the leaves of mountain cranberry.&nbsp;

The-Mountain-Cranberry-Also-Has-Beneficial-Properties-In-Cystitis-Treatment_4_1

It is used in folk medicine for the treatment of cystitis in the form of a decoction:

The-Mountain-Cranberry-Also-Has-Beneficial-Properties-In-Cystitis-Treatment_4_2

2 tbsp. of dried cranberry leaves are boiled on low heat in 300 ml. water for about 5 minutes. Allow to expose and drink 3 times a day for 2 weeks.

The-Goldenrod

The Goldenrod

The-Goldenrod_5_0

If you love nature walks and if you are impressed by the diverse flora, then you have certainly seen the beautiful "golden" flowers of this delicate plant. But did you know that it is not an annoying weed, as it is considered by most people, but an herb with an extremely rich composition and many useful properties.

The-Goldenrod_5_1

The-Goldenrod_5_2

Goldenrod (Solidago virgaurea) is a herbaceous perennial plant of the family Compositae. In Latin Solidago means "to make you whole or to heal you". It is found in Asia, South and North America, Europe. It grows in fields and roadside ditches, blooms in late summer and early autumn, and the flowers are bright yellow.

Which-Part-Of-The-Goldenrod-Is-Used

Which Part Of The Goldenrod Is Used

Which-Part-Of-The-Goldenrod-Is-Used_6_0

Goldenrod is well known in Chinese folk medicine, and in Europe it is widespread in the form of infusion and as part of many dietary supplements. A stalk of the goldenrod is used - the above-ground part, which includes the flowers, stem and leaves of the plant.

Goldenrod-Is-Used-In-Cystitis-Treatment

Goldenrod Is Used In Cystitis Treatment

Goldenrod-Is-Used-In-Cystitis-Treatment_7_0

One of the main applications of the goldenrod is in the treatment of cystitis and other inflammations of the genitourinary system, most often due to infection. It should be noted that it is not used independently, but in combination with other herbs - cranberry, juniper, horseradish. A study has been done that a combined preparation of goldenrod, cranberry and two other herbs significantly reduces microbiological colonization in patients with urinary catheter. <a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/en/eng/research/pubmed/Solidago_orthosiphon_birch_and_cranberry_extracts_can_decrease_microbial_colonization_and_biofilm_development_in_indwelling_urinary_catheter_a_microbiologic_and_ultrastructural_pilot_study_24092275" target="_blank" rel="noopener">[ref.5]</a>

Goldenrod-Is-Used-In-Cystitis-Treatment_7_1

The healing properties of goldenrod are due to the high content of biologically active substances from the group of flavonoids, saponins, essential oils.

Goldenrod-Is-Used-In-Cystitis-Treatment_7_2

The bright yellow color of the flowers suggests the presence of flavonoids in the plant (mainly quercetin and kempferol). Flavonoids are responsible for the diuretic effect of the herb - they increase the amount of urine excreted by the body in 24 hours (diuresis). In this way, these substances help the body to get rid of harmful particles or microorganisms, such as bacteria that cause infection. <a href="https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/herbal-monograph/final-community-herbal-monograph-solidago-virgaurea-l-herba_en.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">[ref.6]</a>

Goldenrod-Is-Used-In-Cystitis-Treatment_7_3

Saponins are other biologically active substances contained in the goldenrod. They have an expectorant effect, but are poisonous in high doses. They can inhibit (block) the development of pathogenic (harmful) bacteria and yeasts such as Candida albicans. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23137724/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">[ref.7]</a>

Goldenrod-Is-Used-In-Cystitis-Treatment_7_4

A study has been done that proves that goldenrod extract helps with hyperactive bladder, reduces painful spasms of the urinary tract and reduces the need for frequent urination, which are one of the main and very unpleasant symptoms of cystitis. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14963639/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">[ref.8]</a>

Goldenrod-Is-Used-In-Cystitis-Treatment_7_5

Other-Health-Benefits-Of-The-Goldenrod

Other Health Benefits Of The Goldenrod

Other-Health-Benefits-Of-The-Goldenrod_8_0

The goldenrod also has a number of other health-beneficial properties:

Other-Health-Benefits-Of-The-Goldenrod_8_1

<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">antioxidant action - due to the flavonoids contained in the goldenrod, mainly quercetin. Antioxidant action has substances that can defuse harmful free radicals, excessive accumulation of which leads to oxidative stress.</li>
</ul>

Other-Health-Benefits-Of-The-Goldenrod_8_2

What are the benefits of antioxidants for health and which foods are richest to them

Other-Health-Benefits-Of-The-Goldenrod_8_3

<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">weight loss - according to some studies, goldenrod extract regulates genes controlling fat synthesis and fat cell size.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">cancer prevention - a study has been done on rats, which proves that goldenrod extract inhibits the growth of prostate cancer.</li>
</ul>

Goldenrod-Infusion---How-To-Prepare-It

Goldenrod Infusion - How To Prepare It

Goldenrod-Infusion---How-To-Prepare-It_9_0

The easiest way to use goldenrod is by preparing an infusion at home:

solidago virgaurea

The Most Effective Herbs Against Cystitis

Kidney stones: which herbs prevent them and how to combine foods