Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), also known as metabolic (dysfunction) associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), is excessive fat build-up in the liver without another clear cause such as alcohol use. There are two types; non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), with the latter also including liver inflammation. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is less dangerous than NASH and usually does not progress to NASH or liver cirrhosis. When NAFLD does progress ...

non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

What-is-fatty-liver-disease?

What is fatty liver disease? 

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Fatty liver (steatosis) is a common condition caused by the accumulation of too much fat in this organ. A healthy liver contains a small amount of fat. This amount becomes problematic when fat reaches 5% to 10% of the liver's weight.&nbsp;

Why-is-fatty-liver-disease-bad-for-health?

Why is fatty liver disease bad for health? 

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In most cases, fatty liver disease does not cause serious problems and does not prevent the liver from functioning normally. But for approximately 7% to 30% of people with the disease, fatty liver disease gets worse over time. The disease proceeds in three stages:

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<ol><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Steatohepatitis: The liver becomes inflamed, which damages its tissue. This stage is called steatohepatitis.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Fibrosis: The scar forms where the liver is already damaged. This process is called fibrosis.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Cirrhosis: Extensive scar tissue replaces healthy tissue. Then there is cirrhosis of the liver.</li></ol>

What-are-the-types-of-fatty-liver-disease?

What are the types of fatty liver disease? 

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There are two types of fatty liver disease: alcoholic and non-alcoholic. Alcoholic fatty liver disease is caused by chronic and excessive alcohol use. Nonalcoholic liver disease (NAFLD) is not related to alcohol use , and in the article we will mainly consider it.

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Although researchers still can't confirm exactly what causes fat accumulation in the liver, this condition is more common in people who have:

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Obesity</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Type 2 diabetes</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">High cholesterol</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">High blood pressure</li></ul>

Natural-remedies-for-fatty-liver-disease

Natural remedies for fatty liver disease 

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If a form of nonalcoholic liver disease is diagnosed, keep in mind that not all diets and supplements are healthy for the liver. If this is your diagnosis, it's important to discuss any alternative treatments with your doctor before trying them.&nbsp;

Losing-Extra-Pounds

Losing Extra Pounds 

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Guidelines in the 2018 American Association for the Study of Liver Disease (AASLD) guidelines identify weight loss as a critical part of improving the progression and symptoms of NAFLD. 1

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The guide recommends that people living with obesity and NAFLD eliminate between 3 and 5 percent of their body weight to reduce fat accumulation in the liver. It also states that losing between 7 and 10 percent of body weight can improve other NAFLD symptoms, such as inflammation, fibrosis, and scarring.

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The best way to lose weight and maintain your weight is with small steps and no extreme restrictions. Fasting and extreme diets are unsustainable solutions and can be even more harmful to your liver, kidneys, hormonal balance.

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Try the Mediterranean diet

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A 2017 study suggested that the Mediterranean diet may help reduce liver fat, even without weight loss. 2

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The Mediterranean diet also helps with conditions often associated with fatty liver disease, including high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and type 2 diabetes. As you probably know, this eating plan focuses on a variety of plant-based foods and healthy fats. Here's what you can include in a Mediterranean diet:

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Fruits and vegetables - berries, apples, oranges, bananas, figs, melons, leafy vegetables, broccoli, peppers, sweet potatoes, carrots, cucumbers, eggplant, tomatoes;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Legumes - beans, peas, lentils, chickpeas;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Healthy fats - olive oil, nuts, seeds, avocados, olives;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Fish and lean meat - fish is permissible for consumption twice a week. Eggs and poultry can be consumed every day in normal quantities, unless you have some intolerance or disease that requires a change in diet;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Wholegrains - whole grain bread, brown rice, whole oatmeal, couscous, whole grain paste, quinoa and others.</li></ul>

Consume-coffee

Consume coffee 

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According to a 2016 study, coffee offers a number of protective benefits for the liver. In particular, it stimulates the production of liver enzymes that are thought to fight inflammation.

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The same study reported that among people with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, regular coffee consumption reduced overall liver damage. Two to three cups of coffee a day seems to be the amount that is perceived as optimal. Black coffee is the best option as it does not contain any added fat or sugar. 3

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More physical activity 

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According to a 2017 study, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is often associated with a sedentary lifestyle. In addition, lack of physical activity is known to contribute to other NAFLD-related conditions, including heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and obesity.

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It is important to find time for sports not only to avoid these diseases. General guidelines are for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week, divided into 3-4 workouts.

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Avoid foods with added sugars

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Dietary sugars such as fructose and sucrose have been linked to the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. A 2017 study described how these sugars may contribute to the accumulation of fat in the liver over time. And what are these foods - we immediately give a list: 4

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Pasta products, such as cakes, biscuits, donuts, pastries and pies</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Candy</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Ice cream</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Sugar cereals</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Soft drinks</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Sports drinks</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Energy drinks</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Sweetened milk products</li></ul>

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Correction of high cholesterol 

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According to research from 2012, 2014 and 2017, fatty liver disease can make it difficult for the body to control cholesterol. 5 This can worsen the condition of the liver and increase the risk of heart disease.

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Try to limit your intake of certain types of fats to control your cholesterol. Fat restriction includes:

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Saturated fats. They are found in red meats and full-fat dairy products.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Trans fats. Trans fats are often found in processed baked goods, crackers, and fried foods.</li></ul>

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Taking a dietary supplement with Omega-3 fats 

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While apparently some fats should be limited, other types of fat can be beneficial. Omega-3 fatty acids are polyunsaturated fats found in foods such as oily fish and some nuts and seeds. They are known to have heart health benefits and are often recommended for people with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

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A 2016 review of studies showed that taking an omega-3 supplement can reduce liver fat and improve cholesterol levels. 6

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Avoid liver irritants 

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Some substances can strain the liver, including alcohol, medications, and certain vitamins and supplements. According to a 2019 study, even moderate alcohol consumption can lead to disease progression in people with NAFLD.

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Intake of vitamin E 

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Vitamin E is an antioxidant that can reduce inflammation caused by nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. According to a 2018 review of scientific publications, more research is needed to understand who might benefit from this supplement and at what amounts. 7

Useful-herbs-for-fatty-liver-disease

Useful herbs for fatty liver disease 

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A 2018 review of studies identified certain herbs, supplements, and spices that have been used as alternative treatments for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Compounds that have been shown to have a positive effect on liver health include turmeric (Curcuma longa), milk thistle (Silybum marianum), resveratrol, and green tea. Before taking such herbs, consult a doctor, as some herbs can cause side effects.

Lifestyle and diet changes are currently the most effective options for managing fatty liver disease. Weight loss, physical activity, sugar reduction, Mediterranean type diet and sports, a cup of coffee and herbs if you tolerate are some of the methods that can help improve symptoms associated with NAFLD.

10 Natural Remedies for Fatty Liver Disease

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Бетина Цветкова

What-is-yarrow-(Achillea-millefolium)

What is yarrow (Achillea millefolium)

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Yarrow (Achillea Millefolium)&nbsp; is a common perennial wild flower that usually grows in pastures, by the roads and even in desolate places. &nbsp;<a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/herb/15221" target="_blank" data-ref="Achillea millefolium" rel="noopener">[ref. 1]</a>&nbsp; There are long fragrant leaves and flat white colored heads that are attractive to a wide range of pollinators, especially flies.&nbsp;

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Achillea millefolium is a highly variable species - it is treated both as a species with varieties and as many different species. A. millefolium is found throughout the Northern Hemisphere. In North America, for example, A. millefolium is a complex of native and introduced plants and their hybrids.&nbsp;

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The yarrow contains phytochemicals, which can help stop stomach cramps and fight infections. &nbsp;<a href="https://www.hindawi.com/journals/omcl/2021/6643827/" target="_blank" data-ref="Achillea Species as Sources of Active Phytochemicals for Dermatological and Cosmetic Applications" rel="noopener">[ref. 2]</a>&nbsp; People often use yarrow in problems such as eczema, irritable colon syndrome (IBS), wound healing and many other conditions, but not all of them have sufficient scientific evidence.

Benefits-and-Uses-of-Yarrow-Herb-(Achillea-millefolium)

Benefits and Uses of Yarrow Herb (Achillea millefolium)

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Achillea spp. is well known for its wide range of applications and its long history of use in traditional medicine around the world. The health benefits of Achillea extracts are the result of the numerous secondary metabolites identified in plants of this genus, which include flavonoids, phenolic acids, terpenes, guayanolydes, phytosterols, fatty acids and organic acids. Several extracts and isolated compounds from Achillea millefolium also show significant inhibitory, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of tyrosinase and thus are interesting candidates for active ingredients of drugs and cosmetic products protecting the skin. There are studies that also reveal anti-inflammatory potential in local application of the herb. &nbsp;<a href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S037887411730418X" target="_blank" data-ref="Redirecting" rel="noopener">[ref. 3]</a>&nbsp;

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Next, we will consider the benefits and applications of yarrow tea, which extend from support wound healing, to anti-inflammatory action in the body.

Yarrow-for-wound-healing

Yarrow for wound healing

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Since the time of Ancient Greece, yarrow has been used in paws and ointments to treat wounds. An animal study found that yarrow leaf extracts show anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, both of which help heal wounds. &nbsp;<a href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378874105004320" target="_blank" data-ref="Redirecting" rel="noopener">[ref. 4]</a> Indians and early settlers used yarrow because of its bloodsucking action, which makes it an effective remedy for wound healing.

Yarrow-to-relieve-digestive-problems

Yarrow to relieve digestive problems

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Yarrow has long been used to treat digestive problems such as ulcers and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), whose symptoms include stomach pain, diarrhea, bloating and constipation. In fact, this herb contains several flavonoids and alkaloids, which are plant compounds known to alleviate digestive complaints.

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In a study in rats, tonic with yarrow extract protects against damage to gastric acid and demonstrates anti-ulceration properties. &nbsp;<a href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378874106001565" target="_blank" data-ref="Redirecting" rel="noopener">[Ref. 5]</a>&nbsp;

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Another animal study found that flavonoid antioxidants in yarrow tea can fight digestive cramps, inflammation and other symptoms of IBS. &nbsp;<a href="https://www.thieme-connect.de/products/ejournals/abstract/10.1055/s-0031-1296755" target="_blank" data-ref="Thieme E-Journals - Arzneimittelforschung / Abstract" rel="noopener">[Ref. 6]</a>&nbsp;

Yarrow-to-reduce-symptoms-of-depression-and-anxiety

Yarrow to reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety 

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Flavonoids and alkaloids in yarrow tea can alleviate symptoms of depression and anxiety, as indicated in several studies. &nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2016.00028/full" target="_blank" data-ref="Plant Alkaloids as an Emerging Therapeutic Alternative for the Treatment of Depression" rel="noopener">[ref. 7]</a>&nbsp;Studies have shown that plant-based alkaloids such as those in yarrow tea reduce secretion of corticosteroid, a hormone that is high during chronic stress.

Yarrow-against-inflammation

Yarrow against inflammation

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&nbsp;While inflammation is a natural bodily response, chronic inflammation can lead to damage to cells, tissues and organs in the human body. Yarrow can reduce inflammation of the skin and liver, which can help treat skin infections, signs of skin aging and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. &nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1473-2165.2008.00366.x" target="_blank" data-ref="Just a moment..." rel="noopener">[Ref. 8]</a>&nbsp;

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Yarrow has been used in traditional medicine since ancient times, including as a herbal tea, tonic and in other forms. Research shows that its plant compounds can help heal wounds, digestive problems, liver diseases and other conditions. Further research is needed in humans to confirm these actions.

5 Benefits and Uses of Yarrow Yea (Achillea millefolium)

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Author: Rositsa Tashkova, Master of Molecular Biology and Microbiology

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About 2 million people worldwide die each year from liver disease. Unfortunately, the awareness of the deterioration of the liver comes only when it’s too late and symptoms are already showing. This makes preventive examinations especially important.

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The most common diseases of this organ are viral hepatitis (hepatitis B and C), cirrhosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NSCLC), steatosis, fibrosis, alcoholic liver disease (alcoholic hepatitis), liver cancer, liver failure. Not everyone knows that elevated blood cholesterol levels are also directly related to the liver.

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The liver is the main purifying organ in our body - it has the task of neutralizing toxins and harmful substances that enter the blood. This makes it particularly sensitive to the use of drugs and herbs, especially in some diseases. Therefore, consultation with your doctor is mandatory before you start taking any herb for liver problems to avoid potential hepatotoxicity and additional damage to this extremely important organ.

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IIn this article we will look at herbs that have been shown to help with some liver diseases:

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<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Chronic hepatitis</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Fatty liver disease (hepatic steatosis)</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Cirrhosis</li>
</ul>

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Most of the information is taken from the scientific article "Current Status of Herbal Medicines in Chronic Liver Disease Therapy: The Biological Effects, Molecular Targets and Future Prospects", published in 2016 in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences.&nbsp;[<a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/en/eng/research/pubmed/Current_Status_of_Herbal_Medicines_in_Chronic_Liver_Disease_Therapy_The_Biological_Effects_Molecular_Targets_and_Future_Prospects_26633388" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.1</a>]

Medicinal-plants-for-chronic-hepatitis

Medicinal plants for chronic hepatitis

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Chronic hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver. It is usually caused by viral infections, autoimmune diseases, or toxic substances such as drugs or alcohol.

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Viral hepatitis is the most common liver disease. Over time, it can develop into fibrosis and cirrhosis. The causative agents are hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). Currently, more than 30% of the world's population is infected with HBV.

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<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis) - the active substance of licorice is called glycyrrhizin. Various studies have established its various functions in protecting the liver - has an anti-inflammatory effect on the liver by several mechanisms, inhibits the release of viral particles in HCV infection, controls the reproduction of HBV [ref.2], lowers liver enzymes ALT and AST. It is important to keep in mind that prolonged use of licorice can lead to dangerous side effects, including high blood pressure and low levels of potassium in the blood.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) - the active substance of milk thistle, with effects on the liver, is silibinin. It is extracted from the seeds of the plant. Inhibits HCV and lowers ALT, AST and alkaline phosphatase levels in patients with chronic hepatitis. [<a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/en/eng/research/pubmed/A_pilot_study_on_the_liver_protective_effect_of_silybin_phosphatidylcholine_complex_IdB1016_in_chronic_active_hepatitis_8225695" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.3</a>] Fortunately, no side effects from the use of milk thistle have been identified.</li>
</ul>

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<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Gale of the wind, Stonebreaker, or Seed-under-leaf (Phyllanthus niruri) - according to some studies, the aqueous extract of the plant can help with viral hepatitis B. Side effects are upper abdominal pain and diarrhea.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Baikal skullcap or Chinese skullcap (Scutellaria baicalensis) - the substance baikalin from the herb seems to accelerate the regeneration of liver cells and inhibits the onset of programmed cell death (apoptosis).</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Mongolian milkvetch (Astragalus membranaceus)- the aqueous extract of the root of the herb can help with chronic viral hepatitis B and against the occurrence of liver fibrosis. There are no known side effects, but it may interact with some medications.</li>
</ul>

Medicinal-plants-for-fatty-liver-disease-(hepatic-steatosis)

Medicinal plants for fatty liver disease (hepatic steatosis)

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Hepatic obesity or steatosis is a reversible pathological process in which large vacuoles with triglyceride fat accumulate in the liver cells.

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Fatty liver disease is usually caused by excessive alcohol consumption or metabolic disorders such as obesity, insulin resistance and dyslipidemia.

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Alcoholic fatty liver disease (ALD) refers to alcohol-related steatosis, while nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (ALD) means that the primary cause of steatosis is not alcohol. Steatosis predisposes the liver to inflammation and fibrosis.

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In developed countries, fatty liver disease is the most common liver disease, the prevalence of which ranges from about 20% to 60%.

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For those with early stage non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, gradual weight loss is the only solution to prevent the progression of the disease.

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According to recent studies, some herbal products appear to have positive effects on this potentially reversible disease. Both laboratory and clinical studies have suggested that medicinal plants may have a moderate benefit in its treatment.

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<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Cardus marianus, Milk thistle, Blessed milk thistle, Marian thistle, Mary thistle, Saint Mary's thistle, Mediterranean milk thistle, variegated thistle, and Scotch thistle (Silybum marianum) - after intake of white thistle seed extract, a decrease of hepatic steatosis was observed in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in ultrasound results.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Baikal skullcap or Chinese skullcap (Scutellaria baicalensis)- according to a clinical trial, the root of Baikal hellebore has a protective effect in alcoholic fatty liver disease&nbsp;[<a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0041008X11003978?via%3Dihub" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.4</a>]. In laboratory animals, intake of the herb root extract has been shown to reduce the level of total serum cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, ALT and AST and increase the level of serum HDL-cholesterol.&nbsp;</li>
</ul>

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<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Jiaogulan (Gynostemma pentaphyllum)&nbsp;- the aqueous extract of the plant has been found to suppress the accumulation of cholesterol and triglycerides and prevent oxidative stress. According to a clinical trial, it lowers serum AST, ALP, insulin, lowers body fat index and insulin resistance index [<a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/en/eng/research/pubmed/The_add_on_effects_of_Gynostemma_pentaphyllum_on_nonalcoholic_fatty_liver_disease_16708768" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.5</a>].</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Apricot (Prunus armeniaca) - In laboratory animals, apricots have been found to have the potential to suppress hepatic steatosis through their antioxidant action and reduced serum AST and ALT levels.&nbsp;[<a href="https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v18/i31/4118.htm" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.6</a>]</li>
</ul>

Medicinal-plants-against-liver-cirrhosis

Medicinal plants against liver cirrhosis

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Cirrhosis is a condition in which the liver does not function properly due to long-term damage, it is an extreme complication of chronic liver disease.

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According to a study in Germany, the most common etiologies of liver cirrhosis are associated with alcoholic liver disease (52%), chronic hepatitis C (28%) or hepatitis B (14%) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (6%).

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The pathological hallmark of cirrhosis is the development of fibrosis, which replaces the normal parenchyma. Fibrosis means that non-functional tissue accumulates in the liver, as a scar remains when wounds heal.

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The most effective way to fight cirrhosis is prevention, as the disease is irreversible in itself.

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In this case, the seeds of Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) and the roots of Baikal skullcap (Scutellaria baicalensis), Licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis), red sage, Chinese sage, tan shen, or danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza), and East Asian arrowroot, kudzu (Pueraria lobata) have shown beneficial effects. [<a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/en/eng/research/pubmed/Current_Status_of_Herbal_Medicines_in_Chronic_Liver_Disease_Therapy_The_Biological_Effects_Molecular_Targets_and_Future_Prospects_26633388" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.1</a>]

Q&amp;A

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Where is the liver located?

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The liver is a large organ located mainly in the upper right abdomen, below the diaphragm and above the stomach.

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When can you feel liver pain?

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With liver pain, most people feel a dull, throbbing sensation in the upper right abdomen. Liver pain can also be felt as a stabbing sensation that takes your breath away. Sometimes this pain is accompanied by swelling or pain that spreads to the back or right shoulder blade.

non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

5 Benefits and Uses of Yarrow Yea (Achillea millefolium)

The liver does not hurt. Which are the herbs that can improve its health in the case of hepatitis, steatosis, and cirrhosis