Fatigue is a feeling of tiredness. It may be sudden or gradual in onset. It is a normal phenomenon if it follows prolonged physical or mental activity, and resolves completely with rest. However, it may be a symptom of a medical condition if it is prolonged, severe, progressive, or occurs without provocation.

Physical fatigue is the transient inability of muscles to maintain optimal physical performance, and is made more severe by intense physical exercise. Mental fatigue is a transient decrease ...

fatigue

Why-vision-is-extremely-important

Why vision is extremely important 

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Our eyes receive light from the world around us and send visual information to the brain. The eyes can see at about 200 degrees in all directions, including in front of you and on the side (peripheral vision). Parts of your eyes work together to allow you to see images, movement, and depth.&nbsp;

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Did you also know that our eyes are adapted to see about 7 million shades of color? About 80% of the information from our surroundings that reaches the brain comes from them. The visual cortex is located at the back of the brain and is the main part that receives, integrates and processes visual information that the retina of the eye transmits.

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Many conditions can affect eye work, including common vision problems such as myopia (myopia), astigmatism, and eye injuries. Several diseases and disorders that are not necessarily related to the eyes can cause problems with them, including autoimmune diseases, <a href="https://www.hindawi.com/journals/joph/2015/734527/" target="_blank" data-ref="Pathogenesis of Common Ocular Diseases" rel="noopener">diabetes, and high blood pressure.</a>&nbsp;[ref. 1]&nbsp;

Components-of-the-human-eye

Components of the human eye 

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The different components of our eyes are:

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<ol><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Iris - the colored area of the eye. Depending on the color of your eyes, the iris can be in any shade of blue, green, hazelnut or brown.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Cornea - a transparent layer that extends over the iris. Water and collagen make up the cornea. And the tears protect the cornea and keep it well lubricated.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Pupil - the black circle that is in the middle of your iris. It expands and shrinks to control how much light enters the eye.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Sclera - the white parts of the eye that surround the iris.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Conjunctiva - a clean, thin fabric that covers the sclera and outlines the inside of the eyelids.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">A lens that sits behind the pupil. It focuses the light that enters your eye and sends light to the back of the eye.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Retina - a set of cells that cover the inner part of the back of the eye. Part of your nervous system, the retina senses light and converts it into electrical impulses or neural signals. The retina has sticks (cells that help you see in low light) and cones (cells that recognize color).</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Macula - a small area that is part of the retina. It is responsible for central vision and helps you see fine details and color.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">An optic nerve that's behind the retina. It carries signals from the retina to the brain, which then interprets this visual information to tell you what you see.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Muscles controling the position and movement of your eye, how much light enters the eye, and the ability of the eyes to focus.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Vitreous body - a transparent gel that fills your entire eye. Protects and maintains the shape of the eye.</li></ol>

Health-conditions-affecting-the-function-of-the-eyes

Health conditions affecting the function of the eyes

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There are hundreds of conditions, disorders, diseases, and injuries that affect the eyes. This is another reason to act preventively against them, and not to seek solutions only when they are present.

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Conditions that affect the eyes include:

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Age changes in vision: Your eyes change with age. In some cases, cataracts, macular degeneration, or detached retina may occur. Presbyopia (loss of close focal vision) usually begins to affect people around the age of 45.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Cancer: Tumors can be the result of intraocular&nbsp;melanoma and retinoblastoma.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Diseases: Many types of eye diseases can affect the eyes, including congenital (available at birth) cataracts, glaucoma and optic atrophy.&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Infection and irritation: conjunctivitis, blepharitis, barley, and dry eyes cause redness, swelling, and discomfort. Eye tearing can be obtained when the eye does not drain tears properly or the eyes are irritated or dry.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Hereditary diseases: pigment retinitis is an inherited condition that can lead to blindness.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Injuries: Corneal abrasion&nbsp;and detached retina can be the result of an eye injury. Accidents can cause bleeding from the eyes and irritation. Foreign objects can also damage the eye.</li></ul>

Symptoms-of-eye-diseases---how-to-recognize-signs

Symptoms of eye diseases - how to recognize signs

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There are various signals that indicate eye problems, for example:

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Eye pain, redness, swelling, bleeding, or secretion.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Eyes that cross or point in different directions.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Eyes that are itching or very dry.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Flashes of light, especially in peripheral vision.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Headaches and squint.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Inability to move the eyes or open or close the eyelid.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Lots of spots or one dark spot in the middle of the field of vision.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Sensitivity to light or vision problems in low light.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Changes in vision, including cloudy or blurred vision</li></ul>

Living-and-working-in-front-of-a-computer-screen---what-are-the-risks

Living and working in front of a computer screen - what are the risks

Living-and-working-in-front-of-a-computer-screen---what-are-the-risks_4_0

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Most people know that the sun can hurt our eyes, but they are not aware of any other problematic bright lights emitted by computer screens. In short, these screens are much less harmful than the sun. This is because screens are not as bright as the sun, and newer screens usually do not produce UV rays - the most harmful kind of light the sun emits. Instead, the most important light that screens produce is high-energy blue light with a short wavelength.

Living-and-working-in-front-of-a-computer-screen---what-are-the-risks_4_2

In the short term, blue light is mostly associated with potentially causing eye strain. &nbsp;<a href="http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20181220&amp;flag=1" target="_blank" data-ref="Research progress about the effect and prevention of blue light on eyes" rel="noopener">[ref. 2]</a>&nbsp; According to the American Optometric Association, this is not usually a serious problem and can mostly be solved by usually shifting your gaze from the screen, as well as more time out in the wild.

Living-and-working-in-front-of-a-computer-screen---what-are-the-risks_4_3

In the short term, it is known that staring at screens for a long time causes computer vision syndrome. This condition can be irritating and even detrimental to a person's work and daily activities. Potentially cause:

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Severe headache.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Eye strain.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Blurred vision.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Dry eyes.</li></ul>This syndrome is not actually caused only by exposure to blue light; it is caused by a combination of factors. The first factor is the duration of exposure, i.e. exposure to a screen. At least seven hours in front of the screen, we can talk about prolonged exposure. The problem is compounded by the fact that many people, unfortunately, have a habit of maintaining a bad posture while staring at the work screen.

Living-and-working-in-front-of-a-computer-screen---what-are-the-risks_4_5

There is something to be done to avoid this problem with vision during prolonged operation of a computer:

Living-and-working-in-front-of-a-computer-screen---what-are-the-risks_4_6

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">There are many tables and articles online with instructions on how to properly sit in front of your computer. Posture and proper distance from your PC can really help reduce eye strain. Although you may not notice an immediate difference, you will feel the effect of good posture and ergonomics over time. Important are the distances of the chair from the floor, on the desk, the corners under which your legs and elbows will sit, do you have lumbar support, and others.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Try to choose lights for your workspace or home properly so that the level of light in the room is approximately equal to how much light your screen will produce. Contrasting levels of light, such as being in a dark room while looking at a bright screen, can load the eyes faster.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Practice the rule 20-20-20. This simple rule can help with eye strain. All you have to do is take a break every 20 minutes to stare at an object about 20 meters away for at least 20 seconds. This helps to give your eyes a break by focusing on a bright screen that's near you.</li></ul>

When-working-from-home

When working from home 

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After the global coronavirus pandemic, a huge number of people switched to a home or hybrid model of work. This implies even more time in front of the computer screen for appointments and tasks. Therefore, we recommend:

When-working-from-home_4_1

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Frequent screen breaks throughout the day.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Walk around the room or building every 20 minutes.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Mute notifications from mobile devices to spend less time staring at them.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Use of moisturizing eye drops or artificial tears.</li></ul>Some studies have suggested that in the long run, blue light from screens can also damage retinal cells, leading to problems such as age-related macular degeneration. The extent of this problem is not fully understood, but prevention is the best solution, and may include a complex of measures. We'il describe them next.

Eye-health-with-the-right-foods-and-exercises

Eye health with the right foods and exercises 

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Being proactive about eye health will pay off over time. Therefore, the most important steps are:

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Regular consumption of vegetables &ndash; leafy dark greens are the most suitable.&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Protect the eyes &ndash; at work, sports, going outside &ndash; with the right glasses will protect the eyes. If you are swimming, you can also put on glasses. When walking, ordinary dioptric sunglasses are suitable. When riding a bike, there is a specific type of glasses.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Wear sunglasses &ndash; UVA and UVB rays are just as harmful to the eyes as they are to the skin.&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Observe good hygiene &ndash; wash your hands before touching your eyes. Whether you are putting on contact lenses, trying to remove an eyelash, or just having a slight irritation, it is important to wash your hands thoroughly before making physical eye contact.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Maintain a healthy body &ndash; Your eyes are part of your body, so it makes sense that they are affected by other unhealthy habits. Proper nutrition, maintaining healthy body weight and regular physical activity help your eyes stay in good condition. Nutrients such as lutein and zeaxanthin, vitamin C, vitamin E and zinc, and vitamins A and E are among the most important to your eyes.</li></ul>

Eyes are a window into the world that we must protect properly. This actually means providing important nutrients, remedies for different conditions, regular ophthalmic examinations, and eye sun protection all year round. This topic will be increasingly relevant against the background of the thousands of hours we spend in front of computers or mobile screens. It is also important not to forget to give rest to the eyes and to be informed about various eye diseases.

Keep Your Eyes Healthy With The Right Foods and Exercises

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Бетина Цветкова

What-are-the-causes-of-hair-loss?

What are the causes of hair loss?

What-are-the-causes-of-hair-loss?_0_0

People who experience hair loss after a sars-CoV-2 infection may notice large hairballs falling off during their daily combing or while washing their hair. The phenomenon is known as telogen effluvium but is not strictly specific to coronavirus infection.

What-are-the-causes-of-hair-loss?_0_1

About 90 percent of the hairs on our scalp are in a growth phase called anagen, and about 10 percent of the hairs are in a resting phase called telogen. On our scalp, the anagen lasts about three years, and then the hairs begin to pass into telogen, which lasts between two to six months. At the end of the telogen, our hairs are separated from their follicles and gradually replaced by new anagen hairs. Then the growth cycle continues.

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On average, people lose about 100 to 150 hairs a day. But when a person experiences a stressful event, including COVID-19 infection, our bodies can prematurely move more of the normal part of growing homogeneous hairs into a telogen state of rest. "Instead of the usual 10 percent of hairs that are in the rest and fall phase, up to 50 percent of hairs rest and fall, which is much more than normal," says Powell Perng, M.D., a dermatologist and hair loss specialist (alopecia) at Utah Health University. &nbsp;<a href="https://healthcare.utah.edu/healthfeed/postings/2022/02/long-covid.php" target="_blank" data-ref="Understanding Post-COVID Conditions " rel="noopener">[ref. 1]</a>&nbsp;

What-are-the-causes-of-hair-loss?_0_3

Scalp-condition-changes-after-illness

Scalp condition changes after illness 

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As already mentioned, sudden and temporary hair loss has a medical name: telogen effluvium. This occurs when stress or illness causes much more dripping than the typical 50 to 100 hairs a person loses per day. It is not specific to Covid-19, however: experts have known for a long time that severe illness, surgery, blood loss, hospitalization, childbirth, and extreme emotional events, such as the loss of a loved one, can cause telogen effluvium. Researchers found that people with a history of Covid-19 infection were four times more likely to develop hair loss than those who were not infected. &nbsp;<a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-022-01909-w" target="_blank" data-ref="Symptoms and risk factors for long COVID in non-hospitalized adults - Nature Medicine" rel="noopener">[Ref. 2]</a>&nbsp;

Scalp-condition-changes-after-illness_1_1

We don't know the complete explanation of how these physical and emotional stressors cause telogen effluvium. Many dermatologists believe the stress hormone cortisol may play a role, although there may be other chemicals that tell hair follicles it's time to fall, according to Dr. Luis Garza, a professor of dermatology at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. &nbsp;<a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03417-2?error=cookies_not_supported&amp;code=72556022-f732-4c24-a39f-a727fe91d36f" target="_blank" data-ref="Corticosterone inhibits GAS6 to govern hair follicle stem-cell quiescence - Nature" rel="noopener">[ref. 3]</a>&nbsp;

Scalp-condition-changes-after-illness_1_2

In normal times, each of your hair goes through three phases &ndash; a growth phase called an anagen phase, a transient or catagenic phase, and a phase of rest, also known as the telogen phase &ndash; after which the thread falls and the follicle repeats the whole process. Threads pass through different phases of the cycle at different times; only five to 10 percent of your hair should be in the telogen phase at any given time.

Scalp-condition-changes-after-illness_1_3

COVID-19-infection-and-hair-loss

COVID-19 infection and hair loss 

COVID-19-infection-and-hair-loss_2_0

Unlike most COVID symptoms that occur days or weeks after infection, you will usually notice hair loss two to three months later. In general, cases of telogen efflovium, other than COVID, cause the hair to begin to fall out after about three months.

COVID-19-infection-and-hair-loss_2_1

According to published reports, hair loss after a COVID-19 infection can occur a little earlier than usual. Other <a href="https://secure.jbs.elsevierhealth.com/action/cookieAbsent" target="_blank" data-ref="DEFINE_ME" rel="noopener">studies also reported</a> faster recovery, about two to three months compared to an average of six months. [&nbsp;<a href="https://www.jaadinternational.org/article/S2666-3287(21)00056-0/fulltext" target="_blank" data-ref="Trichodynia and telogen effluvium in COVID-19 patients: Results of an international expert opinion survey on diagnosis and management" rel="noopener">[ref. 5]</a>&nbsp;]&nbsp;

COVID-19-infection-and-hair-loss_2_2

Since more hair follicles than normal are in a latent phase and have begun to separate, people usually see changes in their hair with each hair movement and combing. Initially, hairballs will appear when combing your hair or after a shower. Then the hair will begin to thin within a few weeks, after having such balls with hair.

COVID-19-infection-and-hair-loss_2_3

It is important to remember that the fall of hair is due to a disruption of the growth-regeneration process, not actual hair damage. The hair will grow again over time, because the follicles are still there.

How-long-does-COVID-hair-loss-last?

How long does COVID hair loss last? 

How-long-does-COVID-hair-loss-last?_2_0

For those interested, the good news is that COVID-related hair loss is generally a temporary problem and eventually the hair will grow back. However, patience is needed, as re-growth can take six to nine months and possibly up to 18 months.&nbsp;

How-long-does-COVID-hair-loss-last?_2_1

Usually women are more severely affected, and in this regard we need to take into account the role of hormones. Estrogen and progesterone, female hormones, may play a role in hair loss during COVID-19, since most such patients are women. They have anti-inflammatory effects, as estradiol acts on hair follicles to enhance their growth and improve hair cycle. Progesterone can reduce the conversion of testosterone into its active form, which in turn is associated with alopecia.

How-long-does-COVID-hair-loss-last?_2_2

Therefore, in the acute phase of COVID-19, the balance of these hormones can change, causing a decrease in their levels leading to hair loss in women.&nbsp;

How-to-deal-with-hair-loss-after-COVID-19-with-natural-methods

How to deal with hair loss after COVID-19 with natural methods

How-to-deal-with-hair-loss-after-COVID-19-with-natural-methods_2_0

How-to-deal-with-hair-loss-after-COVID-19-with-natural-methods_2_1

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Onion juice - The idea is that sulfur in onion juice helps restore hair. There is not much research on this, but a small study tests it in people with alopecia areata, which causes stain hair loss. Half put onion juice on their scalp twice a day; others used tap water. After 2 weeks, 74% of the group who used onion juice had more new hairs, compared to 13% of tap water users.&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Iron - This extremely important nutrient helps the body to produce blood, and its low levels are associated with hair loss. The reason for this is not clear, so consume iron-rich foods such as meat, fish, poultry, tofu, broccoli, and all kinds of vegetables. However, talk to your doctor before taking iron-containing pills. In high doses, iron can cause vomiting and constipation.&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Biotin - Some doctors prescribe biotin (aka vitamin B7) for hair loss and to achieve good results. Eggs, wheat germ, and mushrooms contain a large amount of biotin.&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Zinc - Since zinc helps most processes in the body that keep you alive, it's no surprise that it also strengthens the follicles under your scalp that nourish your hair. Your body has no way to store zinc, so you need a little of it in your diet every day. If zinc levels are low, there is some evidence that taking zinc orally can help with hair loss, but more research is needed.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Aromatherapy - Sandalwood oils [&nbsp;<a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/herb/15988" target="_blank" data-ref="Santalum album" rel="noopener">[ref. 6]</a> ], lavender [&nbsp;<a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/herb/14546" target="_blank" data-ref="Lavandula" rel="noopener">[ref. 7]</a> ], rosemary [&nbsp;<a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/herb/14703" target="_blank" data-ref="Rosmarinus" rel="noopener">[ref. 8]</a> ] and thyme [&nbsp;<a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/herb/14334" target="_blank" data-ref="Thymus" rel="noopener">[ref. 9]</a>&nbsp;] are used to treat hair loss for more than 100 years. It is believed that compounds in them stimulate hair growth. You can try rubbing one or more of these oils into your scalp for at least 2 minutes each night. Then wrap your head with a warm cloth to soak.&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Hair mask with aloe vera and fenugreek - Fenugreek seeds [&nbsp;<a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/herb/14762" target="_blank" data-ref="Trigonella" rel="noopener">[ref. 10]</a> ] have a high content of proteins known to be useful against hair loss and dandruff, as well as in the treatment of dry hair, baldness, and thinning hair. Aloe Vera [ <a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/herb/14536" target="_blank" data-ref="Aloe vera" rel="noopener">[ref. 11]</a>&nbsp;is widely known as the "elixir of life". These two ingredients together will make the perfect hair mask and counteract hair loss. To do this, soak 1 tablespoon of fenugreek seeds in warm water. Make a paste by mixing it with 2 tablespoons of aloe vera gel in a blender after the fenugreek seeds are soaked for an hour in water. Massage this paste into the scalp and hold for 30 minutes before washing.</li></ul>

As the coronavirus continues to infect people around the world, many people fall victim to hair loss months later. This development makes many people wonder if COVID can cause hair loss and actually turns out to be able to. After a while, normal hair growth recovers and it thickens again, but it is good to consult a doctor if hair loss lasts more than three months. The reason for it may be different.&nbsp; Meanwhile, for those who are ill with COVID, there are many natural methods and means to try to improve the condition of the hair.

How to Deal with Hair Loss After COVID-19 - Natural Methods and Tools

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Folate-and-folic-acid---let's-clarify-the-terms

Folate and folic acid - let's clarify the terms

Folate-and-folic-acid---let's-clarify-the-terms_0_0

Folic acid is a man-made form of folate (vitamin B9).&nbsp;<a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/compound/167" target="_blank" data-ref="Folate" rel="noopener">[ref. 1]</a>&nbsp; Folate is found naturally in some fruits, vegetables and nuts. Folic acid is contained in vitamins and fortified foods.

Folate-and-folic-acid---let's-clarify-the-terms_0_1

Folic acid and folate help the body produce healthy new red blood cells. As you probably know, red blood cells carry oxygen to all parts of the body. If your body does not produce enough red blood cells, you can develop anemia.&nbsp;

Folate-and-folic-acid---let's-clarify-the-terms_0_2

Anemia occurs when the blood can not carry enough oxygen into the body. Because of this, the skin becomes pale, you become tired and tired. In addition, if you do not receive enough folic acid, you may develop folate-deficiency anemia.

Why-do-women-need-folic-acid?

Why do women need folic acid? 

Why-do-women-need-folic-acid?_0_0

Every person regardless of gender needs folic acid to be healthy. But it is especially important for women for the following reasons:

Why-do-women-need-folic-acid?_0_1

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Before and during pregnancy: Folic acid protects unborn children from serious birth defects called neural tube defects. These birth defects occur in the first few weeks of pregnancy, often before a woman realizes she is pregnant. Folic acid can also help prevent other types of birth defects and early pregnancy loss (miscarriage). &nbsp;<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3218540/" target="_blank" data-ref="Page not available - PMCTwitterFacebookLinkedInGitHubSM-TwitterSM-FacebookSM-Youtube" rel="noopener">[Ref. 2]</a>&nbsp;</li></ul>

Why-do-women-need-folic-acid?_0_2

Why-do-women-need-folic-acid?_0_3

To keep the blood healthy, helping red blood cells to form and grow. Insufficient intake of folic acid can lead to folate-deficiency anemia. Folic deficiency anemia is more common in women of childbearing age than in men.

How-do-I-get-folic-acid?

How do I get folic acid? 

How-do-I-get-folic-acid?_0_0

People can get folic acid in two ways:

How-do-I-get-folic-acid?_0_1

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Through dietary sources: Folate is found naturally in some foods, including spinach, nuts and beans. Folic acid is found in fortified foods such as bread, pasta and cereals.&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">In the form of dietary supplements.</li></ul>

How-much-folic-acid-do-women-need?

How much folic acid do women need? 

How-much-folic-acid-do-women-need?_0_0

All women need 400 micrograms of folic acid every day. Women who may become pregnant should receive another 400 to 800 micrograms of folic acid from vitamin supplements or from food with folic acid.&nbsp;

How-much-folic-acid-do-women-need?_0_1

Recommendations for some women may differ. For example, if the woman had a baby with a neural tube defect (such as spina bifida) and wants you to become pregnant again; if there is a family member with spina bifida and may become pregnant, the amounts may jump to 4000 micrograms.&nbsp;

How-much-folic-acid-do-women-need?_0_2

In women taking medicines to treat epilepsy, type 2 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis or lupus, folic acid supplements may interact with these medicines and should only be prescribed.

Which-foods-contain-folate?

Which foods contain folate? 

Which-foods-contain-folate?_0_0

Folate is found naturally in some foods that you can include in your diet to provide optimal amounts. &nbsp;<a href="https://haematologica.org/article/view/8276" target="_blank" data-ref="		Folate dietary insufficiency and folic acid supplementation similarly impair metabolism and compromise hematopoiesis							| Haematologica			" rel="noopener">[ref. 3]</a>&nbsp;Foods with a naturally high folate content include:

Which-foods-contain-folate?_0_1

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Spinach and other dark green, leafy vegetables</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Citrus juices</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Nuts</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Beans</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Poultry meat (chicken, turkey, etc.) &nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Wholegrain cereals</li></ul>

Which-foods-contain-folate?_0_2

Which-foods-contain-folic-acid?

Which foods contain folic acid? 

Which-foods-contain-folic-acid?_0_0

Folic acid is added to foods that are refined or processed so that it can be found in:

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Cereals (some types may have 100% of the recommended daily value - or 400 micrograms of folic acid per serving)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Bread and pasta</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Flours</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Corn semolina</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">White rice &nbsp;<a href="https://www.scielo.br/j/ramb/a/6HzzW7pXtdLgpzRNvp8Jz3p/?lang=en" target="_blank" data-ref="Folic acid and diseases - supplement it or not?" rel="noopener">[ref. 4]</a>&nbsp;</li></ul>

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What should I watch out for when buying vitamins with folic acid? 

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This is an important question that we need to ask ourselves when buying any food supplements, not just those with folate. Specifically for them, look for the abbreviation 'USP' or 'NSF' on the label when choosing vitamins. These abbreviations mean that the pills are made correctly and contain the amounts of vitamins indicated on the label.&nbsp;

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Also, make sure that the product has not expired. If the bottle does not have a shelf life indicated, do not buy it.

Vitamin B9, also called folate or folic acid, is one of the 8 vitamins of group B. All B vitamins help the body to convert food (carbohydrates) into fuel (glucose), which is used to produce energy. They also have other important roles in the body, and are necessary throughout life and are especially important for women of fertile age, as well as during pregnancy. There are many sources of folate - both dietary and in the form of supplements. It is always good to seek a doctor's opinion if higher amounts of folic acid from supplements should be taken.

Folic acid: Everything you need to know

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What-is-Hashimoto's-thyroiditis

What is Hashimoto's thyroiditis 

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Hashimoto's disease is an autoimmune disease affecting the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland is a small butterfly-shaped gland located at the base of the neck. The thyroid gland produces hormones that help regulate many functions in the body associated with maintaining temperature, reproductive functions, sleep, recovery and much more.

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Autoimmune disorder is a disease caused by the immune system that attacks its own healthy tissues. In Hashimoto's disease, cells of the immune system lead to the death of cells producing thyroid hormones. The disease usually leads to a decrease in the production of hormones - a state of hypothyroidism.

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Hashimoto (named after the Japanese surgeon who discovered it in 1912) is the most common thyroid disease in the United States, affecting about 1% to 2% of the population, and is the most common cause of hypothyroidism (inactive thyroid).&nbsp;<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459262/" target="_blank" data-ref="Page not available - NCBI BookshelfTwitterFacebookLinkedInGitHubNCBI Insights BlogTwitterFacebookYoutube" rel="noopener">[ref. 1] Current</a>&nbsp; statistics of the patient organization VIOM – Association of People Who Suffer From Thyroid Diseases shows, that in Bulgaria over 600 000 Bulgarians suffer from impaired thyroid function and there are over 1 million people who suffer from Hashimoto thyroiditis. &nbsp;<a href="https://www.portalnapacienta.bg/2019/04/09/%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F-%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5-%D0%BE%D1%82-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5/" target="_blank" data-ref="Мария Силяновска: Засегнатите от болести на щитовидната жлеза се нуждаят от достоверна и достъпна информация" rel="noopener">[ref. 2]</a>&nbsp;These numbers are not small against the background of the population and raise the question of what efforts are being made to improve the quality of life of these people and their timely diagnosis and treatment.

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When the thyroid gland is attacked by the immune system, as happens with Hashimoto's thyroids, it can no longer produce enough hormones needed by the body to function properly. Then we are talking about decreased thyroid function. Since thyroid hormones regulate metabolism, allowing the body to convert food into energy, the lack of these hormones leads to problems with energy provision. This accordingly results in a delay in other life functions of the body.

Symptoms-of-Hashimoto-thyroiditis

Symptoms of Hashimoto thyroiditis 

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Many people with Hashimoto's thyroiditis live for years without any symptoms. If there are symptoms, they may be associated with one (or both) of the two main complications of Hashimoto: goiter and hypothyroidism.

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Symptoms of goiter include swelling of the thyroid gland, which can lead to a feeling of bulge in the throat. The front of the neck may look enlarged. Since the goiter can grow, it puts increased pressure on the lower part of the neck and can cause difficulty swallowing and even breathing.

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Hypothyroidism has numerous symptoms that include fatigue, weight gain, feeling cold, joint stiffness, dry skin, among other symptoms.

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Other symptoms of Hashimoto's disease, which may develop over time, include:

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Constipation (bowel movement problems)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Puffy eyes/face</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Thinning hair/hair loss</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Profuse or irregular menstruation</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Difficulty getting pregnant</li></ul>

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Thyroiditis-of-Hashimoto---causes-and-risk-factors

Thyroiditis of Hashimoto - causes and risk factors 

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Like all autoimmune diseases, Hashimoto's thyroiditis is caused by a malfunction in your immune system that causes immune cells to attack healthy tissue instead of protecting it. In the case of Hashimoto, the attack by invading immune cells reduces the ability of the thyroid gland to produce enough thyroid hormone, which leads to hypothyroidism.

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Scientists still do not know exactly why the immune system sometimes turns against healthy tissues of the body not only in Hashimoto, but also in other autoimmune diseases. But they know that there are several risk factors that are known to make a person more susceptible to Hashimoto. These include:

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Female</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Age between 30 and 50 years</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Family history of thyroid problems or autoimmune diseases</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Pre-existing autoimmune condition such as addison disease, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, type 1 diabetes or certain liver diseases</li></ul>

It is quite possible that even at normal levels of thyroid hormones, a person suffers from hashimoto's goiter or Thyroiditis. Therefore, with the available symptoms, it is important to proceed to diagnosis with the necessary studies of hormones, antibodies and others.&nbsp; Also, not everyone with Hashimoto's disease develops hypothyroidism. Since antibody levels corresponding to Hashimoto carry a higher risk of developing hypothyroidism, health professionals usually choose to monitor the condition and monitor for any changes in thyroid health. Fortunately, the condition can be treated and the symptoms kept under control, and hormones normalize.&nbsp;

Symptoms and causes of development of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis

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Symptoms and causes of development of Hashimoto thyroiditis

What-is-multiple-sclerosis

What is multiple sclerosis 

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Multiple sclerosis is a disease that affects the brain, spinal cord and optic nerves that make up the central nervous system and control everything we do.&nbsp;<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28367411/" target="_blank" data-ref="Multiple Sclerosis: Pathogenesis, Symptoms, Diagnoses and Cell-Based Therapy - PubMed" rel="noopener">[ref. 1]</a>&nbsp;

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The exact cause of the development of the disease is unknown, but we know that something triggers the immune system to specifically attack the central nervous system (CNS). The resulting damage to myelina - the protective layer, isolating wire-like nerve fibers, disrupts signals to and from the brain. This interruption of communication signals causes unpredictable symptoms such as tingling, tingling, mood swings, memory problems, pain, fatigue, blindness and/or paralysis.&nbsp;

Diagnosing MS can be a difficult process. At an early stage of MS, symptoms may be nonspecific and suggest several disorders of the nervous system, and at a later stage also make treatment more difficult.&nbsp; Diagnostic criteria, which include MRI results and analysis of cerebrospinal fluid, have been developed and revised by experts in the field to help healthcare professionals make an accurate and timely diagnosis. It is crucial for the future and life of a person diagnosed with multiple sclerosis.