Polyphagia or hyperphagia is an abnormally strong sensation of hunger or desire to eat often leading to or accompanied by overeating. In contrast to an increase in appetite following exercise, polyphagia does not subside after eating and often leads to rapid intake of excessive quantities of food. Polyphagia is not a disorder by itself, rather it is a symptom indicating an underlying medical condition. It is frequently a result of abnormal blood glucose levels (both hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia), ...

hyperphagia

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Excessive-Thirst-(Polydipsia)

1. Excessive Thirst (Polydipsia)

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The initial symptom of type 2 diabetes often manifests as excessive thirst, scientifically known as polydipsia. High blood sugar levels trigger increased urination, resulting in dehydration. Research suggests that Gymnema sylvestre, an herb renowned for its blood sugar regulation properties, may offer relief. You can prepare Gymnema tea by steeping 1-2 teaspoons of dried Gymnema leaves in hot water for 5-10 minutes.

Frequent-Urination-(Polyuria)

2. Frequent Urination (Polyuria)

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Frequent urination, or polyuria, is another hallmark of uncontrolled blood sugar levels. Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) has garnered attention for its potential to enhance insulin sensitivity and mitigate polyuria. Incorporate cinnamon into your diet by sprinkling it on oatmeal or brewing cinnamon-spiced tea.

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Unexplained-Weight-Loss

3. Unexplained Weight Loss

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Sudden, unexplained weight loss may signal undiagnosed type 2 diabetes. The body resorts to burning fat for energy when it cannot utilize sugar properly. Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) seeds have demonstrated the ability to regulate blood sugar levels and reduce appetite. Try infusing fenugreek seeds in coconut oil for a versatile, diabetes-friendly oil suitable for cooking or topical application.

Fatigue-and-Weakness

4. Fatigue and Weakness

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Chronic fatigue and weakness can severely impact daily life for those with diabetes. Bitter melon (Momordica charantia) offers potential relief, thanks to compounds that enhance insulin sensitivity and lower blood sugar. Incorporate this vegetable into your diet by stir-frying it with garlic and soy sauce.

Blurry-Vision

5. Blurry Vision

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High blood sugar levels can cause blurry vision due to changes in the eye's lens. To support eye health, consider Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) extract, rich in antioxidants that protect the eyes. Create a bilberry smoothie by blending frozen bilberries with yogurt and honey.

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Slow-Wound-Healing

6. Slow Wound Healing

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Impaired wound healing is a common complication of diabetes. Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis miller) gel, with its natural antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, can promote faster healing when applied topically.

Numbness-or-Tingling-(Neuropathy)

7. Numbness or Tingling (Neuropathy)

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Diabetic neuropathy can cause numbness or tingling in extremities. Alpha-lipoic acid, found in foods like spinach and broccoli, may alleviate neuropathic symptoms due to its antioxidant properties.

Photo by Tyrrell Fitness And Nutrition on Unsplash

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Increased-Hunger-(Polyphagia)

8. Increased Hunger (Polyphagia)

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Polyphagia, or increased hunger, results from the body's inability to utilize glucose efficiently. Fenugreek can help control appetite and regulate blood sugar levels when integrated into your diet.

Anticancer-Properties

Anticancer Properties

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Several natural remedies mentioned earlier, such as cinnamon and bitter melon, are also associated with potential anticancer properties. These compounds can inhibit cancer cell growth, providing an additional health benefit.

Questions-and-Answers

Questions and Answers

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Q: Is it possible to reverse type 2 diabetes with natural remedies?

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A: While natural remedies can aid in managing type 2 diabetes, complete reversal may not be guaranteed for everyone. Lifestyle changes, including diet and exercise, are integral to diabetes management.

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Q: What foods should individuals with type 2 diabetes avoid?

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A: Limit foods high in sugar, refined carbohydrates, and saturated fats. Focus on a balanced diet rich in vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains.

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Q: Can herbal remedies interact with diabetes medications?

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A: Yes, some herbs may interact with diabetes medications. Consult a healthcare provider before incorporating herbal remedies into your regimen, especially if taking medications.

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Q: Are there lifestyle changes that can prevent type 2 diabetes?

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A: Maintaining a healthy weight, regular physical activity, and a balanced diet can significantly reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

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Q: How often should individuals with diabetes monitor their blood sugar levels?

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A: Monitoring frequency varies based on individual circumstances. Generally, follow healthcare provider recommendations, which may include daily or less frequent checks depending on control and treatment type.

References

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20152047/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Effect of Gymnema sylvestre on glucose metabolism in rats.</a><a href="https://chat.openai.com/?model=text-davinci-002-render-sha#user-content-fnref-1%5E" target="_blank" rel="noopener">&nbsp;</a></li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14633804/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Cinnamon improves glucose and lipids of people with type 2 diabetes.</a><a href="https://chat.openai.com/?model=text-davinci-002-render-sha#user-content-fnref-2%5E" target="_blank" rel="noopener">&nbsp;</a></li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18395607/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Effect of fenugreek seeds on blood glucose and lipid profiles in type 2 diabetic patients.</a><a href="https://chat.openai.com/?model=text-davinci-002-render-sha#user-content-fnref-3%5E" target="_blank" rel="noopener">&nbsp;</a></li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26445061/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Momordica charantia: A Review of its Ethno-medicinal, Phytochemical, Pharmacological, and Toxicological Properties.</a><a href="https://chat.openai.com/?model=text-davinci-002-render-sha#user-content-fnref-4%5E" target="_blank" rel="noopener">&nbsp;</a></li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24605810/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.)</a><a href="https://chat.openai.com/?model=text-davinci-002-render-sha#user-content-fnref-5%5E" target="_blank" rel="noopener">&nbsp;</a></li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27761023/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Aloe vera: A Short Review.</a><a href="https://chat.openai.com/?model=text-davinci-002-render-sha#user-content-fnref-6%5E" target="_blank" rel="noopener">&nbsp;</a></li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17434844/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Alpha-lipoic acid in the treatment of diabetic peripheral and cardiac autonomic neuropathy.</a><a href="https://chat.openai.com/?model=text-davinci-002-render-sha#user-content-fnref-7%5E" target="_blank" rel="noopener">&nbsp;</a></li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31945784/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Anticancer Potential of Bitter Melon Extract: Current Updates.</a><a href="https://chat.openai.com/?model=text-davinci-002-render-sha#user-content-fnref-8%5E" target="_blank" rel="noopener">&nbsp;</a></li></ul>

Early recognition of type 2 diabetes symptoms is paramount for effective management. Natural remedies like Gymnema, Cinnamon, Fenugreek, Bitter melon, Bilberry, Aloe vera, and Alpha-lipoic acid can complement lifestyle modifications and dietary adjustments. Always consult with healthcare professionals for personalized guidance.

8 Symptoms for Understanding Type 2 Diabetes

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Екипът на Санацио

Author: Sylvia Marinova, PhD student in the Genomic Stability Laboratory at BAS

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<a href="../p/anorieksiia_bulimiia_prieiazhdanie_kdie_sie_korieniat_khranitielnitie_razstroistva_499c17d9_4b0f_4506_8deb_16089dec54bf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Eating disorders</a> [ref.1] are a group of psychiatric illnesses that are dangerous to both mental and physical health. Some of them, such as anorexia and bulimia, can even be fatal due to severe malnutrition or suicide. Therefore, timely treatment is key to reducing the risk of serious consequences in patients.

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The purpose of this article is to give an overview of what treatment options you have if you or a loved one suffers from an eating disorder. You need to know that determining the type of initial treatment depends on factors such as the type and severity of the disease, as well as the presence of concomitant diseases.

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Despite the severity of these disorders, most cases begin with outpatient treatment, which is usually based on a comprehensive approach combining psychotherapy, meetings with nutritionists, monitoring, and sometimes medication. It is good to keep in mind that if there is no improvement after such treatment, patients may need to be hospitalized at the discretion of the treating physician.

Where-to-start-from

Where to start from

Where-to-start-from_0_0

Where-to-start-from_0_1

Eating disorders are a reflection of a psychological problem associated with self-perception. The most difficult and painful step to dealing with them is to realize that we have a problem, to confront itand to seek help.

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Undoubtedly, this is absolutely necessary to start the treatment process and a good start is to address the people we trust- telling them what we aregoing through.

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If the person concerned is close to us , it is extremely important that we speak to him and express our concerns in a supportive way. This will help to encourage him to accept the problem and therefore to the treatmenthe needs.

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Regardless of which position we are in, we should not underestimate the role and importance of family and loved ones in dealing with a serious problem, such as anorexia, bulimia and systemic overeating (hyperphagia).

Finding-a-specialist

Finding a specialist

Finding-a-specialist_1_0

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The key to the treatment is to find a specialist in the field of eatingdisorders . Its role will be to assess what kind of help we or our loved one needs and to monitor the response to theappointed therapy.

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Since the treatment of these diseases requires complex care,it will also refer usto a team of doctors endocrinologists, psychiatrists, gastroenterologists and nutritionists and coordinate the overall treatment.

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However, in most cases, patients respond well to the appointed treatment and rarely require hospitalization.

Main-types-of-therapies

Main types of therapies

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There are various variants oftherapies that can be included in the treatment plan depending on individual needs. Some examples include:

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<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Cognitive-behavioral therapy - <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2928448/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"></a> psychopathology [ref.2] of eating disorders is inherently cognitive, as it is rooted in giving too much meaning to body shape and weight. Its effectiveness in treating numerous psychological problems, <a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/en/eng/research/pubmed/The_Efficacy_of_Cognitive_Behavioral_Therapy_A_Review_of_Meta_analyses_23459093" target="_blank" rel="noopener"></a> including eating disorders, is shown [ref.3]. The key understanding behind this therapyis based on the fact that feelings and emotions are closely related to our behavior.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Medical food therapy - it has a holistic approach and includes a training plan on proper nutrition. The main goal is to improve the patient's relationship with food and to create proper nutritional behaviour and habits . An individual dietary plan is also being built , where laboratory test results should also be takeninto account, as there may be a shortage of specific substances due to the nature of the disease.</li>
</ul>

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<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Family therapy - includes working with the whole family or in pairs. The idea is that our relationship with our loved ones is of great importance for our overall well-being. This therapy also encourages other family members to help us through the right actions. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1414759/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Modsley's</a> [ref.4] method is one type of therapy that specifically targets parents who have children suffering from an eating disorder. </li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Additional therapies - there are other therapies that can have a beneficial effect in addition to treatment.&nbsp; What they all have in common is that they are looking for an alternative way to deal with emotions through their expression.</li>
</ul>

Physical-exercise-and-eating-disorders

Physical exercise and eating disorders

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Often eating disorders are associated with the so-called " "excessive training". Giving an accurate definition of this concept is difficult, since training is seenas a "healthy" habit. This is indeed the case, but in people suffering from any eating disorder, some more intensified trends are noted, such as constant pursuit of the perfect forms, following unrealistic goals and exercising even in fatigue, injury or disease.

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However, physical activity <a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/en/eng/research/pubmed/How_to_integrate_physical_activity_and_exercise_approaches_into_inpatient_treatment_for_eating_disorders_fifteen_years_of_clinical_experience_and_research_30258631" target="_blank" rel="noopener"></a> could also have a positive impact [ref.5].

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A good example of the effect shown in such conditions is yoga . It is an ancient practice that focuses precisely on the unity of the mind and the physical body . This is useful for people with eating disorders, since they often lose this particularconnection. For example, in episodes of uncontrollable overeating, patients ignore the body's signals of sity and despite them continue to take food.

Physical-exercise-and-eating-disorders_3_4

Yoga teaches us to be aware of what is happening in and around us, as well as paying attention to how our body works and what it needs at the moment. It teaches us to love and spare it. It also helps to eliminate tension and stress and gradually helps us regain control of our lives.

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In general, yoga can become complementary therapy and integrate into the main treatment, but this should be coordinated withthe attending physician and performed under the supervision of a specialist.

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Physical-exercise-and-eating-disorders_3_7

<a href="../p/anorieksiia_bulimiia_prieiazhdanie_kdie_sie_korieniat_khranitielnitie_razstroistva_499c17d9_4b0f_4506_8deb_16089dec54bf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Anorexia, bulimia, overeating - where eating disorders are rooted</a>

Physical-exercise-and-eating-disorders_3_8

<a href="../p/sliedrodilnata_diepriesiia_kakvi_sa_simptomitie_kolko_vriemie_prodlzhava_i_kak_da_izlieziem_ot_nieia_923461ac_bd42_43a6_ae10_755d4216e930" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Postpartum depression - what are the symptoms, how long it lasts and how to get out of it</a>

Physical-exercise-and-eating-disorders_3_9

<a href="../p/kakvo_ie_brnaut_i_5_nachina_da_sie_spravim_s_niegho_34ec30af_e103_45f4_8268_57d58a7deb99" target="_blank" rel="noopener">What's a burnout and 5 ways to deal with it</a>

Anorexia, Bulimia and Overeating: Are Eating Disorders Curable

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 Anorexia, Bulimia and Overeating: Are Eating Disorders Curable

Силвия Маринова

&nbsp;Author: Sylvia Marinova, PhD student in the Genomic Stability Laboratory at BAS

It is generally accepted that eating disorders are a voluntary choice for our lifestyle. This is a profound misstatement, and as a result, these conditions are overlooked, when they are in fact serious psychiatric illnesses.

The severe changes that accompany them go far beyond eating habits and are also related to the psyche and emotions, and often to the danger to the lives of those affected.

There are three main types of eating disorders according to the American Psychiatric Association [<a href="https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/eating-disorders/what-are-eating-disorders" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.1</a>] - anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and systemic overeating. At the core of all of them are rooted negative thoughts regarding diet, body shape and weight, which lead to behavioral changes that pose a danger to physical health.

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Eating disorders in some cases occur along with other mental illnesses or conditions such as anxiety, panic, obsessive-compulsive disorder and drug or alcohol abuse. In most cases it is necessary to seek medical intervention.

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People suffering from anorexiaand bulimiaoften have low self-esteem and are highly critical of themselves and the way they look. They create mental attitudes and see themselves as "fat", even though they sometimes suffer from malnutrition.

Who-is-at-risk-of-anorexia,-bulimia-or-overeating

Who is at risk of anorexia, bulimia or overeating

Who-is-at-risk-of-anorexia,-bulimia-or-overeating_0_0

In practice, anyone can develop such <a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/en/eng/research/pubmed/The_development_of_bulimic_symptoms_from_adolescence_to_young_adulthood_in_females_and_males_a_population_based_longitudinal_cohort_study_22886952" target="_blank" rel="noopener"></a> a condition, regardless of age, ethnic origin, gender or kilograms. Statistics show that women are more vulnerable and that adolescents [ref.2]are <a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/en/eng/research/pubmed/Prevalence_incidence_impairment_and_course_of_the_proposed_DSM_5_eating_disorder_diagnoses_in_an_8_year_prospective_community_study_of_young_women_23148784" target="_blank" rel="noopener"></a> mostaffected, with the peak of occurrence in women being between 16 and 20 years of age [ref.3].However, these diseases can occur as early as early childhood or in adulthood in both women and men.

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The causes of the appearance of eating disorders are intertwined, and a 2015 article shows that an amalgam of several <a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/en/eng/research/pubmed/Research_Review_What_we_have_learned_about_the_causes_of_eating_disorders_a_synthesis_of_sociocultural_psychological_and_biological_research_26095891" target="_blank" rel="noopener">factors</a> [ref.4] is important:

Who-is-at-risk-of-anorexia,-bulimia-or-overeating_0_2

<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">
Sociocultural factors - they are related to the influence of contemporary notions imposed by society and the media, on how we should look and what is aesthetically acceptable. 
</li>
</ul>

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Who-is-at-risk-of-anorexia,-bulimia-or-overeating_0_4

<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">
Psychological factors - this is about how each individual perceives and reacts to different situations and how they control theiremotions.
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">
Genetic factors - studies with identical twins show that there is a family burden in these diseases. However, the exact genes that contribute to the increased risk of developing eating disorders have not yet been clarified. 
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">
Environmental factors - for example, some experiences can influence the unlocking of eating disorders. In other words , genetic predisposition increases the risk, but the relationship with influences from our environment is also present.
</li>
</ul>

Who-is-at-risk-of-anorexia,-bulimia-or-overeating_0_5

In conclusion, in terms of risk factors, we can say that they are a complex of biopsychological effects that are interlinked.

What-are-the-main-eating-disorders

What are the main eating disorders

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What-are-the-main-eating-disorders_1_1

<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">
Anorexia nervosa - in short, is simply called anorexia. It is characterized by low body weight, which is at least 15% less than the normal healthy weight for the age and height of a person. The condition is potentially life-threatening and the most distinctive characteristics are very limited caloric intake, a strong fear of gaining weight and a distorted idea of one'sown body and denial of low body weight. People with anorexia reach such a low weight because they do not eat enough, exercise excessively, and sometimes themselves induce vomiting of the accepted food or abuse laxatives to lose weight. 
</li>
</ul>

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<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">
Bulimia neurosis - simply called bulimia. The weight of people with bulimia can be slightly below the norm, in the norm, littleor far above it. They have episodes of uncontrollable eating, taking huge amounts of food rich in carbohydrates and fats. Usually this becomes hidden from other people and is followed by forced vomiting or use of laxatives. The consequences are related to gastrointestinal problems,kidney problems, wear of tooth enamel, chronic inflammation of the throat,etc. the last two effects are due to the influence of highly acidic gastric juices passing through the esophagus and oral cavitywhen vomiting.
</li>
</ul>

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What-are-the-main-eating-disorders_1_5

<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">
Systemic overeating (hyperphagia) - in this disease, frequent episodes of overeating arealso present, but with the difference that patients do not try to throw away food forcibly. This leads to obesity, development of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, highblood pressure and others . frequent episodes of uncontylable food intake even without starvationtesting, rapid ingestion of food, a sense of shame in front of others. <a href="/p/mutatsii_srieshchu_iestiestvien_podbor_e4a316a0_b5fd_4a51_8dc0_12a14405f8f2" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"> </a> 
</li>
</ul>

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All eating disorders are dangerous <a href="/p/liechimi_li_sa_khranitielnitie_razstroistva_anorieksiia_bulimiia_i_prieiazhdanie_aa4cf694_d79f_46ef_b689_2c158e114e49" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"></a> to health, and some of them can also reach a fatal end, whether due to complications or suicide. Therefore, if we have any doubt that we or someone close to them may suffer from such adisease, it is extremely important to seek timelyhelp.

What-are-the-main-eating-disorders_1_7

Are eating disorders anorexia, bulimia and overeating treatable?

Anorexia, Bulimia, Overeating - Where Eating Disorders are Rooted

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 Anorexia, Bulimia, Overeating - Where Eating Disorders are Rooted

Photo by <a href="https://unsplash.com/@sharonmccutcheon?utm_source=unsplash&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_content=creditCopyText" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Sharon McCutcheon</a> on <a href="https://unsplash.com/s/photos/sugar?utm_source=unsplash&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_content=creditCopyText" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Unsplash</a>

Type 1 diabetes mellitus, also known by the outdated names insulin-dependent or childhood diabetes, is due to the inability of the pancreas to produce enough of the hormone insulin. Type 1 is the main form of diabetes, which usually occurs in childhood or adolescent age (very rarely in the elderly) and is <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/basics/type1.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">due from 5% to 10%</a> [ref. 1] of all cases of diabetes mellitus.

Basic-information-and-causes-of-occurrence

Basic information and causes of occurrence

Basic-information-and-causes-of-occurrence_0_0

In type 1 diabetes, the pancreas produces very little or no amount of the hormone insulin. It is necessary for the body in order for the main cell fuel coming from food (glucose) to enter from the blood into the cells where it is used for energy.

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When there is no insulin, then glucose remains in the blood. This can lead to very high blood sugar and to a state of diabetic ketoacidosis, which is life-threatening (explained below).

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Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease, which means that our immune system by mistake attacks the body's own cells. In this case, these are special cells in the pancreas called beta cells, which are responsible for the production of the hormone insulin. This process begins months or years before the first symptoms of the disease are present. With the appearance of a clinical picture, a large part of these cells are already destroyed, sometimes up to 90% of them.

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Photo by <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Jakob_Suckale" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Jakob Suckale</a>, Wikipedia

Basic-information-and-causes-of-occurrence_0_5

Interesting is the fact that the above-described autoimmune condition is responsible for over 95% <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1056872701001726?via%3Dihub" target="_blank" rel="noopener"></a> of cases of type 1 diabetes. However, in a small proportion of people, the cause of its development is not due to hypersensitivity of the immune system. In these cases, it is not well understood what destroys the beta cells of the pancreas, and then it is said that diabetes is idiopathic [ref. 2] (unknown origin) and is classified as 1b subtype.

Risk-factors

Risk factors

Risk-factors_1_0

Risk factors for type 1 diabetes are not as well studiedas those for type <a href="/p/vsichko_za_diabiet_tip_2_na_iedno_miasto_9b1be4d6_84a7_42c6_8e37_de3bd6480ba1" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">2 diabetes</a>. However, it is known that defects in the gene system of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) play a significant role and some people <a href="/p/kak_ghienitie_opriedieliat_prilikata_s_roditielitie_ni_2256bb0a_9ee8_4d00_8f3e_7ca44b90aa45" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">are genetically predisposed</a>. This does not mean that they will necessarily develop the disease, but they are more likely to do so.

Risk-factors_1_1

However, studies with identical twins (individuals with almost the same genome) show that the development of the disease does not always coincide. In other words, this fact suggests that there are other factors, other than heredity, that affect the manifestation of type 1 diabetes. These are most likely environmental factors <a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/us/eng/research/pubmed/Environmental_triggers_and_determinants_of_type_1_diabetes_16306330" target="_blank" rel="noopener"></a> [ref. 3]. The disease is associated, for example, with some viral infections caused by <a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/us/eng/research/pubmed/Coxsackie_B4_virus_infection_of_beta_cells_and_natural_killer_cell_insulitis_in_recent_onset_type_1_diabetic_patients_17360338" target="_blank" rel="noopener">eneroviruses</a> [ref. 4].

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Other risk factors include ethnic ity, obesity and high birth weight.

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