A myocardial infarction (MI), also known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow decreases or stops to a part of the heart, causing damage to the heart muscle. The most common symptom is chest pain or discomfort which may travel into the shoulder, arm, back, neck or jaw. Often it occurs in the center or left side of the chest and lasts for more than a few minutes. The discomfort may occasionally feel like heartburn. Other symptoms may include shortness of breath, nausea, feeling faint, a cold sweat ...

myocardial infarction

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Natural remedies for high cholesterol

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Natural or complementary means for the treatment of heart disease often aim to control cholesterol levels, lower blood pressure and improve heart health. Usually, research on such means is limited compared to those of conventional medical devices.&nbsp;

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However, many people have achieved results with alternative means and some cholesterol-lowering supplements. Therefore, next, we will look at which ones can be useful.

Astragalus

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Astragalus membranaceus is an herb used to support the immune system in traditional Chinese medicine. &nbsp;<a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/herb/14688" target="_blank" data-ref="Astragalus trimestris" rel="noopener">[ref. 1]</a>&nbsp; Astragalus has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. It is considered an "adaptogen". This means it can help the body cope better with stress.&nbsp;

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There are animal studies that show that the total amount of flavonoids significantly reduces plasma levels of total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol. &nbsp;<a href="https://www.hindawi.com/journals/omcl/2012/282383/" target="_blank" data-ref="Study of the Effects of Total Flavonoids of Astragalus on Atherosclerosis Formation and Potential Mechanisms" rel="noopener">[Ref. 2]</a>&nbsp; Another study showed that astragalus polysaccharides lowered plasma cholesterol levels in hamsters. &nbsp;<a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0027437" target="_blank" data-ref="Astragalus Polysaccharides Lowers Plasma Cholesterol through Mechanisms Distinct from Statins" rel="noopener">[ref. 3]</a>&nbsp;

Hawthorn

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Hawthorn (Crataegus) is a shrub whose fruits, leaves and flowers were used for heart problems during the Roman Empire. &nbsp;<a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/herb/14630" target="_blank" data-ref="Crataegus" rel="noopener">[ref. 4]</a>&nbsp; Hawthorn acts ref. In addition, according to traditional Chinese medicine, hawthorn acts on the toning of the spleen to promote digestion and activate blood circulation to dispel stagnant blood. &nbsp;<a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2020.00118/full" target="_blank" data-ref="Roles and Mechanisms of Hawthorn and Its Extracts on Atherosclerosis: A Review" rel="noopener">[Ref. 5]</a>&nbsp;

Flaxseed-oil

Flaxseed oil

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Both flaxseed and linseed oil contain high levels of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA). It is an omega-3 fatty acid that can help reduce the risk of heart disease. Randomized controlled trials have shown that alpha lipoic acid can change the lipid profile, but their results are rather contradictory and more studies are needed to this effect. &nbsp;<a href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0014299919300093" target="_blank" data-ref="Redirecting" rel="noopener">[Ref. 6]</a>&nbsp;

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Fish oil supplements with omega-3 fatty acids 

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Omega-3 fatty acids are found in fish and fish oils. Salmon, tuna, trout, herring, sardines, and other oily fish are particularly rich sources of anti-inflammatory fats.

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Experts have already proven that omega-3 fatty acids in fish help reduce the risk of heart disease. Other nutrients in fish or a combination of these nutrients and omega-3 fatty acids can help protect the heart. Eating one or two servings of oily fish a week can reduce the chances of heart problems in general.

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If you have heart damage you can benefit from taking supplements with omega-3 fatty acids or from eating foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids. As described in "An Improvement of Cardiovascular Risk Factors by Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids", supplements containing polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) reduce serum triglycerides levels and increase HDL cholesterol. &nbsp;<a href="https://www.jocmr.org/index.php/JOCMR/article/view/3362" target="_blank" data-ref="An Improvement of Cardiovascular Risk Factors by Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids | Yanai | Journal of Clinical Medicine Research" rel="noopener">[Ref. 7]</a>&nbsp;

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Sources of sterol and stanol 

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Plant sterols and stanols are substances found in many fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, cereals and other plants. Some processed foods are also enriched with plant sterols or stanols, such as orange juice or yogurt products.

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Plant sterols and stanols can help reduce the risk of heart disease. They help to prevent the absorption of cholesterol from the small intestine. This can lower levels of LDL (bad) cholesterol in the blood. &nbsp;<a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/10/9/1262" target="_blank" data-ref="LDL-Cholesterol Lowering of Plant Sterols and Stanols&mdash;Which Factors Influence Their Efficacy?" rel="noopener">[Ref. 8]</a>&nbsp;

Some natural remedies may help manage cholesterol levels, but they do not replace drug therapy. Their advantage is that they are readily available, usually offered without a prescription, but not for everyone there is enough evidence whether they work effectively in humans.&nbsp; In addition to drug and alternative therapy, lifestyle changes and habits are also part of the means to lower high cholesterol. For example, maintaining a healthy weight for your height, increasing physical activity, eating nutrient-rich foods and quitting smoking are such measures.

How to lower high cholesterol with natural remedies

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Бетина Цветкова

Medicinal-products-with-anti-cancer-effects

Medicinal products with anti-cancer effects

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For the anti-inflammatory drug tepoxaline, used primarily to treat osteoarthritis in dogs, it was recently discovered that there are more areas of use. The drug for alcohol dependence disulfiram, as well as vanadium, which was originally intended for the treatment of diabetes, also have a potential anticancer effect.

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The researchers found that these and nearly 50 other drugs developed for different purposes actually possess previously unrecognized properties to fight cancer.

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"We thought we'd be lucky to find even one compound with cancer properties, but we were stunned to find a lot with such action," said Professor Todd Golub, co-author of a recent paper describing the novelties in the journal Nature Cancer. &nbsp;<a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s43018-019-0018-6?error=cookies_not_supported&amp;code=5bb9430a-dec2-433d-8e96-9857dcc95740" target="_blank" data-ref="Discovering the anticancer potential of non-oncology drugs by systematic viability profiling - Nature Cancer" rel="noopener">[ref. 1]</a>&nbsp;

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The idea that a drug developed for one purpose may have other benefits is not new. It is known that a doctor's observations on his patients in 1948 led to the discovery that aspirin is not only an excellent painkiller, but also helps to prevent heart attacks.

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These random uses inspired the creation of the Broad Institute's Repurposing Hub, which contains a database of thousands of compounds approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for one area of use, but also with other possible ones. The recent study was the largest to date using this database.&nbsp;<a href="https://www.broadinstitute.org/drug-repurposing-hub" target="_blank" data-ref="Drug Repurposing Hub" rel="noopener">[ref. 2]</a>&nbsp;

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Using cells from 578 different types of cancer, the researchers tested 4,518 different drugs, finding that nearly 50 had previously unrecognized properties to fight cancer.&nbsp;

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This not only diversifies our range of tools in cancer treatment, but also means that we can quickly implement these solutions into treatment. All tested drugs have already been approved by the FDA for human use, and many are already in mass production.

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Unveiling new means to fight cancer

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To quickly test different cancer cell lines against a compound, the researchers used the PRISM methodology, which consists of adding a short DNA "barcode" to cells, allowing researchers to test multiple cell lines at once. After exposing a group to a compound, researchers can measure the survival rate of cells based on these barcodes.

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This not only reveals the properties of various compounds to fight cancer, but also reveals unique mechanisms of action.&nbsp;

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"Most existing cancer drugs work by blocking proteins, but we found that compounds can act through other mechanisms," says study co-author Stephen Corsello.&nbsp;

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For example, almost a dozen drugs kill cancer cells by targeting the interaction between two proteins, usually expressed in cancer cells, rather than the proteins themselves.&nbsp;

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Another drug, tepoxaline - the drug for osteoarthritis for dogs - has been found to target some unknown characteristic of cells that overexpress the protein MDR1 (a protein that provides cancer cells with resistance to chemotherapy drugs), providing a field for future research.

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Scientists also understand that other drugs kill cells based on their expression of biomarkers. This means that patients who would benefit most from these drugs can be quickly identified. Disulfieram, the drug for alcohol dependence, is found to kill cells with low expression of metalothionine proteins, for example. Looking for low levels of metalothionine or high levels of this sulphate transporter, doctors can quickly assess whether the patient will respond well to treatment with these drugs.

Broad Institute's Repurposing Hub database is growing rapidly, already containing thousands of compounds. Scientists' efforts to identify useful drugs and future areas of their action in several areas of application contribute to this. Thus, we understand that many compounds have useful uses in the treatment of conditions other than those for which they were originally intended. The study mentioned here focuses on cancer treatment, but any alternative conditions may be at the center of future research.

Scientists Discovered Dozens of Existing Drugs with Anti-Cancer Properties

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Scientists Discovered Dozens of Existing Drugs with Anti-Cancer Proper

Proven-health-benefits-of-garlic

Proven health benefits of garlic 

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Garlic contains compounds with powerful healing properties 

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Garlic is a plant of the allium family [onions] &nbsp;<a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/herb/14382" target="_blank" data-ref="Allium sativum" rel="noopener">[ref. 1]</a>&nbsp; It is closely related to onions, shallo and prasa. Each segment of the garlic bulb is called a clove. There are about 10-20 cloves in one bulb, but there may be more or less.

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Garlic grows in many parts of the world and is a popular ingredient in cooking due to its strong smell and pleasant taste. However, we do not recommend eating it raw in a large amount, as it can irritate the stomach.

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Throughout ancient history, the main use of garlic is because of its healthy and healing properties, which we will explore today. Most of the health benefits of garlic are due to sulfur compounds, which are released when slicing, crushing or chewing cloves.

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Perhaps the most famous such compound is allicin. However, allicin is an unstable compound that is present only briefly in fresh garlic after it has been chopped or crushed. Other compounds that may play a role in the health benefits of garlic include dialyl disulfide and s-allyl cysteine.

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Sulfur compounds from garlic enter the body through the digestive tract. Then they pass all over your body, exercising their biological effects. &nbsp;<a href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1319016409000528" target="_blank" data-ref="Redirecting" rel="noopener">[Ref. 2]</a>&nbsp;

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Anticancer effect of garlic

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Among the most important biological effects of garlic is its anticancer action. Scientific evidence supports the protective effects of garlic in stomach cancer, colorectal cancer and breast cancer in humans.&nbsp;

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The exact mechanisms of preventive effects against cancer are not clear, although several hypotheses have been suggested. Organocer compounds modulate the activity of several metabolizing enzymes that activate (cytochrome P450s) or detoxify (glutathione S-transferases) carcinogens and inhibit the formation of DNA adducts in several target tissues. Antiproliferative activity is described in several tumor cell lines, which is probably mediated by induction of apoptosis and changes in the cell cycle.

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Garlic is very nutritious and has very few calories 

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One clove (3 grams) of raw garlic contains the following nutrients:

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Manganese: 2% of daily value (DV)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Vitamin B6: 2%&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Vitamin C: 1%&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Selenium: 1%&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Fiber: 0.06 g</li></ul>It also has a small amount of calories, so it can safely be used in dietary weight loss regimes.&nbsp;

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Garlic can help prevent disease 

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It is known that garlic supplements enhance the function of the immune system.

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A 12-week study found that daily intake of a garlic supplement reduced the number of colds by 63% compared to placebo. &nbsp;<a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02850113?error=cookies_not_supported&amp;code=566aa89a-05b2-4acf-8626-86a1e2143304" target="_blank" data-ref="Preventing the common cold with a garlic supplement: A double-blind, placebo-controlled survey - Advances in Therapy" rel="noopener">[ref. 3]</a>&nbsp; Of course, natural garlic consumption is always the better option in front of additives, so be sure to add it to the basket on next shopping.

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Active compounds in garlic can lower blood pressure

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Cardiovascular diseases such as heart attack and stroke are responsible for more deaths than almost any other condition. High blood pressure or hypertension is one of the most important factors that can lead to these diseases.&nbsp;

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Studies in humans have found that garlic supplements have a significant impact on reducing blood pressure in people with high blood pressure. &nbsp;<a href="https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jat/15/6/15_E550/_article" target="_blank" data-ref="Lipid-Lowering Effects of Time-Released Garlic Powder Tablets in Double-Blinded Placebo-Controlled Randomized Study" rel="noopener">[ref. 4]</a>&nbsp; In one study 600-1500 mg. Old garlic extract is just as effective as a drug to reduce blood pressure over a period of 24 weeks. &nbsp;<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24035939/" target="_blank" data-ref="Effects of Allium sativum (garlic) on systolic and diastolic blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension - PubMed" rel="noopener">[Ref. 5]</a>&nbsp;

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Garlic is a food that we know well and we use widely in culinary. Among its most important health benefits are immunosupporting and anti-cancer action, as well as its ability to help control blood pressure. Soon we will introduce you more of the great benefits of Allium Sativum - one of the oldest cultivated plants in the world.

11 Proven Health Benefits of Garlic (Allium Sativum) [Part 1]

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Banana---first-friend-of-women's-health

Banana - first friend of women's health 

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According to a new study published in the European Heart Journal, providing potassium-rich foods in the diet can help women improve their heart health. &nbsp;<a href="https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/43/30/2867/6612684" target="_blank" data-ref="Sex-specific associations between potassium intake, blood pressure, and cardiovascular outcomes: the EPIC-Norfolk study" rel="noopener">[ref. 1]</a>&nbsp;

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In the study, the researchers analyzed the effects of a potassium-rich diet on the blood pressure of nearly 25,000 participants (11,267 men and 13,696 women). The participants were from the EPIC (European Prospective Cancer Research) - Norfolk study, which recruited people aged 40 to 79 in Norfolk, UK, between 1993 and 1997.

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The study authors report that potassium consumption (in grams per day) affects blood pressure in women who consume the greatest amount of salt (sodium). According to the researchers, when women's potassium intake increases, blood pressure decreases its values.

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During the study, it also became clear that in women with the highest salt intake, each additional gram of daily potassium lowered systolic blood pressure (the upper number of blood pressure) by 2.4 mmHg.

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Participants were tracked for an average of nineteen-and-a-half years. This means that half were tracked for longer and the other half were tracked for a shorter time. During this period, 55% of participants were hospitalized or died due to heart disease.

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After adjusting indicators such as age, gender, body mass index, tobacco use, alcohol and lipid lowering drugs, diabetes and a previous heart attack or stroke, the researchers found that people with the highest potassium intake had a 13% lower risk of heart disease.

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Interestingly, according to this study, men may not react as effectively as women to changing the amount of potassium alone. They reported a 7% lower risk of heart problems, and women had an 11% lower risk.

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Other Health Benefits of Bananas 

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Bananas, as one of the foods with the highest amount of potassium, are a great means of prevention of cardiovascular disease. Their cardioprotective action has been analyzed in various studies. Some studies have found that increased potassium intake reduces blood pressure in people with hypertension and has no adverse effect on blood lipid concentrations, catecholamine concentrations or renal <a href="https://www.bmj.com/content/346/bmj.f1378" target="_blank" data-ref="Effect of increased potassium intake on cardiovascular risk factors and disease: systematic review and meta-analyses" rel="noopener">function in adults</a>&nbsp;[ref. 2]&nbsp;

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From others we learn that potassium is an important regulator of blood pressure and works through several mechanisms to regulate vascular sensitivity, improve endothelial function and others.&nbsp;<a href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1933171113000855" target="_blank" data-ref="Redirecting" rel="noopener">[ref. 3]</a>&nbsp;

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Also, bananas are one of the best sources of vitamin B6. This vitamin is easily digested by the body when supplied by the yellow fruit.&nbsp; A medium-sized banana can provide about a quarter of your daily vitamin B6 needs.

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Vitamin B6 helps the body to:

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Production of red blood cells</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Metabolism of carbohydrates and fats, turning them into energy,</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Metabolism of amino acids</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Removal of unwanted chemicals from the liver and kidneys</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Maintaining a healthy nervous system.</li></ul>You may not associate bananas with vitamin C content, but a medium-sized banana will provide about 10% of your daily vitamin C needs, as well as 13% of your daily manganese needs.&nbsp;

Researchers recommend focusing on a potassium-rich diet that can help improve heart health, especially in women. Studies have shown that ladies respond more favorably to this type of diet. According to the results, a diet high in potassium, among other vitamins and minerals, helps to reduce sodium levels in the blood. Some of the most useful foods with such effect are bananas, potatoes, beans and spinach.

Banana - a friend of the heart and women's health

Healthy-foods-high-in-iron

Healthy foods high in iron

Quinoa

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Quinoa is a popular cereal known more precisely as pseudo cereal. One cup (185 grams) of boiled quinoa provides 2.8 mg. 16% of DV (&nbsp;<a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/3/558" target="_blank" data-ref="Nutritional Composition and Bioactive Components in Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) Greens: A Review" rel="noopener">[ref. 1]</a>&nbsp;). In addition, quinoa does not contain gluten, which makes it a good choice for people with celiac disease or other forms of gluten intolerance.

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Quinoa is also higher in protein than many other cereals, as well as rich in folate, magnesium, copper, manganese and many other nutrients.&nbsp;

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In addition, quinoa has greater antioxidant activity than many other cereals. Antioxidants help protect your cells from damage from free radicals, which are formed during metabolism and in response to stress.&nbsp;

Turkey-meat

Turkey meat 

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Turkey meat is healthy and tasty, as well as nutritious. A&nbsp; portion of 100 grams of dark turkey meat has 1.4 mg. 8% of DV (daily reference intake). By comparison, the same amount of white turkey meat contains only 0.7 mg.

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Dark turkey meat also contains an impressive 28 grams of protein per serving and several B vitamins and minerals, including 32% of DV for zinc and 57% of DV for selenium.

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Consuming foods high in protein such as turkey meat can help with weight loss as the protein makes you feel better and increases the rate of your metabolism after eating. (&nbsp;<a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/ijo2014216?error=cookies_not_supported&amp;code=8351dde6-5331-4685-809d-644808546a3d" target="_blank" data-ref="The role of higher protein diets in weight control and obesity-related comorbidities - International Journal of Obesity" rel="noopener">[ref. 2]</a>&nbsp;)

Broccoli

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Broccoli is incredibly nutritious. One cup or about 150 grams of a portion of boiled broccoli contains 1 mg. 6% of DV. In addition, one serving of broccoli also contains 112% of DV for vitamin C, which helps your body better absorb iron. (&nbsp;<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3290310/" target="_blank" data-ref="Iron nutrition and absorption: dietary factors which impact iron bioavailability - PubMed" rel="noopener">[ref. 3]</a>&nbsp;) The same portion size of broccoli is high in folate and provides 5 grams of fiber, as well as a little vitamin K.&nbsp;

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Broccoli is a member of the family of cruciferous vegetables (Brassicaceae), which also includes cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, curly cabbage and ordinary cabbage. Cruciferous vegetables contain indole, sulforaphane and glucosinolates, which are plant compounds believed to have anticancer properties. (&nbsp;<a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/action/cookieAbsent" target="_blank" data-ref="" rel="noopener">[ref. 4]</a>&nbsp;)

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As the study "Information studies on brassica vegetables and cancer risk", although the measured effects may have been distorted by different types of bias, concluded that high consumption of cabbage vegetables is associated with a reduced risk of cancer. This link seems most consistent for lung, stomach, colon and rectal cancers and at least consistent for prostate, endometrial and ovarian cancer. (&nbsp;<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8877066/" target="_blank" data-ref="Epidemiological studies on brassica vegetables and cancer risk - PubMed" rel="noopener">[ref. 5]</a>&nbsp;)

Tofu

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Tofu is a soybean-based food that is popular with vegetarians and in some Asian countries. Half a cup (120 grams) serving provides 3.4 mg. 19% of DV. Tofu is also a good source of thiamine and several minerals, including calcium, magnesium and selenium. In addition, it provides 22 grams of protein per serving and isoflavons. (&nbsp;<a href="https://journals.lww.com/menopausejournal/Abstract/2012/07000/Extracted_or_synthesized_soybean_isoflavones.11.aspx" target="_blank" data-ref="Extracted or synthesized soybean isoflavones reduce... : Menopause" rel="noopener">[ref. 6]</a>&nbsp;)

Dark-chocolate

Dark chocolate 

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Dark chocolate is incredibly tasty, beloved of small and large as dessert. A serving of about 25 grams contains 3.4 mg. 19% of DV.

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This small portion also contains 56% and 15% of DV for copper and magnesium. In addition, chocolate contains prebiotic fibers that nourish the balance of intestinal microbes.

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According to one study, cocoa powder and dark chocolate have greater antioxidant activity than powders and juices made from kai fruit and blueberries. (&nbsp;<a href="https://bmcchem.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1752-153X-5-5" target="_blank" data-ref="Cacao seeds are a " rel="noopener">[ref. 7]</a>&nbsp;) Studies have also shown that chocolate has a beneficial effect on cholesterol and can reduce the risk of heart attacks and strokes.&nbsp;

Fish

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Fish is an extremely nutritious food, and some varieties such as tuna are particularly rich in iron. In fact, one serving of canned tuna of 85 grams contains about 1.4 mg. approximately 8% of DV. Fish is also rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which are a type of healthy anti-inflammatory fat associated with a number of benefits for the heart, brain and health in general.

Iron is an important micromineral that should be consumed regularly, since the body cannot produce it on its own. However, it should be noted that some people should limit the intake of red meat and other foods high in heme iron. Various animal and plant sources provide iron, so it is difficult to get deficient, and if this happens, dietary adjustment and supplements can help.

Twelve healthy foods high in iron [Part 2]

The-benefits-of-fish-oil-in-a-nutshell

The benefits of fish oil in a nutshell 

Despite proven anti-inflammatory effects, fish oil can also bring some negatives to your health. There are different recommendations in different countries, but most health organizations recommend taking at least 250-500 milligrams of combined EPA and DHA daily, the two main forms of omega-3 fatty acids. Higher amount up to 5000 mg. daily can be consumed on a medical recommendation, but not above them, as this can impose the beforementioned side effects.