Somnolence (alternatively 'sleepiness' or 'drowsiness') is a state of strong desire for sleep, or sleeping for unusually long periods (compare hypersomnia). It has distinct meanings and causes. It can refer to the usual state preceding falling asleep, the condition of being in a drowsy state due to circadian rhythm disorders, or a symptom of other health problems. It can be accompanied by lethargy, weakness, and lack of mental agility.Somnolence is often viewed as a symptom rather than a disorder ...

sleepiness

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What-is-Epilepsy?

What is Epilepsy?

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Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures. It affects approximately 65 million people worldwide, making it one of the most common neurological disorders globally. Seizures occur when there is a sudden surge of electrical activity in the brain, disrupting its normal functioning. Epilepsy can manifest in various forms, with different types of seizures, causes, symptoms, and risk factors.

Causes,-Symptoms,-and-Risk-Factors

Causes, Symptoms, and Risk Factors

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Epilepsy can have many different causes, including genetic factors, brain injury, infections, and developmental disorders. In many cases, the exact cause remains unknown. Symptoms of epilepsy can vary greatly, with some individuals experiencing mild seizures that are barely noticeable, while others have severe seizures that can cause unconsciousness and convulsions. Risk factors for developing epilepsy include a family history of the condition, head injuries, infections, and a history of febrile seizures during childhood.

The-Science-Behind-CBD-and-Epilepsy-Treatment

The Science Behind CBD and Epilepsy Treatment


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Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-psychoactive compound found in the cannabis plant. Unlike its more famous cousin, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), CBD does not produce a "high." In recent years, there has been a growing body of scientific research suggesting that CBD may hold the key to revolutionizing epilepsy treatment.

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One groundbreaking study that paved the way for CBD's role in epilepsy treatment was published in The New England Journal of Medicine in 2017. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involved 120 children and young adults with Dravet syndrome, a severe form of epilepsy. The study found that those who received CBD experienced a 39% reduction in seizure frequency, compared to a 13% reduction in the placebo group.

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Following this study, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Epidiolex, a CBD-based drug, in 2018 for the treatment of two severe forms of epilepsy: Dravet syndrome and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. Since then, numerous studies have continued to explore the potential of CBD in treating various types of epilepsy, and the results have been overwhelmingly positive.

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Easy-to-Make-CBD-Recipes

Easy-to-Make CBD Recipes

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As CBD becomes more widely accepted, it is now available in various forms, such as oils, tinctures, and edibles. For those looking to incorporate CBD into their daily routine, here are some simple recipes:

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<ol><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">CBD-infused smoothie: Add a few drops of CBD oil to your favorite smoothie recipe for a healthy and delicious way to enjoy the benefits of CBD.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">CBD-infused salad dressing: Combine CBD oil with olive oil, vinegar, and your choice of herbs and spices for a tasty, nutrient-rich salad dressing.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">CBD-infused tea: Add a few drops of CBD oil to your favorite herbal tea for a soothing and relaxing beverage.</li></ol>

Allergy-Note-and-Medical-Advice

Allergy Note and Medical Advice

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As with any new supplement, it's essential to be aware of potential allergies. If you suspect an allergic reaction to CBD, consult a healthcare professional immediately. Always talk to your doctor before starting any CBD regimen, especially if you're already taking medication for epilepsy.

Questions-and-Answers

Questions and Answers

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Q: Is CBD safe for children with epilepsy?

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A: The FDA has approved Epidiolex, a CBD-based drug, for the treatment of two severe forms of epilepsy in children aged 2 years and older. However, it is crucial to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any CBD regimen for a child.

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Q: Can CBD completely cure epilepsy?

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A: While CBD has shown significant promise in reducing seizure frequency and severity, it is not a complete cure for epilepsy. However, it can greatly improve the quality of life for those living with the condition.

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Q: Are there any side effects of using CBD for epilepsy?

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A: &nbsp;Some common side effects of CBD include drowsiness, diarrhea, and changes in appetite. However, these side effects are generally mild and manageable. It is essential to discuss any potential side effects with a healthcare professional before starting a CBD regimen.

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Q: Can I use CBD alongside other epilepsy medications?

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A: &nbsp;CBD can interact with certain epilepsy medications, potentially leading to increased side effects or reduced effectiveness. It is crucial to consult with your doctor before combining CBD with other medications.

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Q: Can CBD be used to treat all types of epilepsy?

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A: &nbsp;While CBD has shown promise in treating various forms of epilepsy, more research is needed to determine its effectiveness for all types of the condition. Always consult with a healthcare professional to determine if CBD could be a suitable treatment option for your specific type of epilepsy.

The green miracle of cannabidiol (CBD) is revolutionizing the way epilepsy is treated and managed. With a growing body of scientific research supporting its effectiveness in reducing seizure frequency and severity, CBD offers hope for millions of people living with epilepsy. As an accessible and natural treatment option, CBD has the potential to transform lives and improve the overall quality of life for those affected by this neurological disorder.

The Green Miracle: How Cannabidiol (CBD) is Revolutionizing Epilepsy Treatment and Management

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The Green Miracle: How Cannabidiol (CBD) is Revolutionizing Epilepsy T

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What-are-medicinal-mushrooms?

What are medicinal mushrooms? 

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Medical mushrooms are edible macroscopic mushrooms that can be eaten safely to provide health benefits. One of the main benefits of consumption is for the immune system by improving basic immune responses. There are many types of medicinal mushrooms that can be harvested and are available for safe consumption in the form of dietary supplements, but not only.&nbsp;

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Medical immunity support mushrooms are part of the traditional practices found in various cultures around the world, such as Greek, Chinese and Roman cultures. The long and similar history of mushrooms serves as evidence of their use as a preventive protective agent and a tool in the fight against infectious diseases and various types of cancer.

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Modern scientists have studied the benefits of these types of mushrooms and found that in addition to being a source of sufficient nutrients, they also contain bioactive compounds that have the potential to help the immune system and provide additional immune support. 1

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The most important are polysaccharides, structural components of the cell wall of fungi. Polysaccharides have a strong ability to carry biological information. Specifically, they have antitumor, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antidiabetic action. The best known and most abundant are α- and β-glucans. Heteroglycans, peptidoglycans and polysaccharide-protein complexes also contribute to biological activity. They are primarily responsible for immunomodulatory effects due to their ability to bind to specific receptors on the cell wall and stimulate specific immune responses.&nbsp; 2

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Medical mushrooms are also used in cancer treatment as biological response modifiers (BRMs), useful for treating cancer, reducing the side effects of therapies, and improving a patient's quality of life. &nbsp; 3

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Another class of compounds that are very important for their bioactivity are terpenes, characterized by units of five carbon isoprene atoms and whose addition of functional groups produces the terpenoids. They modulate the immune system by stimulating the expression of genes encoding proteins involved in the immune response, but also have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antitumor properties.

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Mushrooms are rich in proteins that have cytotoxic and anti-cancer properties. Some of them are known for their characteristic and pronounced immunomodulatory effect. These proteins are referred to as fungal immunomodulatory proteins, the mechanisms of action of which can be diverse.&nbsp;

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Other fungal metabolites with bioactivity are phenolic compounds, antioxidants with different mechanisms of action (oxygen uptake, inactivation of metals, free radical inhibition, peroxidase decomposition), lacases (copper-containing oxidases) and fatty acids.

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The pharmacological activities of medicinal fungi are primarily detected by in vitro assays, usually accompanied or followed by in vivo studies on animal models, which together reveal the great potential of a single fungus, an extract of it or a chemical compound.&nbsp;

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On the other hand, there are a small number of clinical studies conducted on humans and published in peer-reviewed literature. Clinical research is needed to assess the efficacy of medicinal mushrooms in the complex system of the human body, but an assessment of their safety in different age groups and conditions is also needed.

Top-5-most-powerful-medicinal-mushrooms

Top 5 most powerful medicinal mushrooms 

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It has been reported in various animal studies and a limited number of in vitro analyses that medicinal mushrooms have numerous pharmacological actions, such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antidiabetic, cytotoxic, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-allergic and prebiotic properties.&nbsp;

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Next we will look at the most interesting medicinal mushrooms with time-proven properties.

Chaga-(Inonotus-obliquus)

Chaga (Inonotus obliquus) 

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Chaga is found in cold climates and looks like a large black mass growing on the side of a tree. This parasitic mushroom can grow to impressive sizes. Russian and Eastern European cultures use it in folk medicine for its immunity-boosting properties.

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Chemical analysis of chaga in the scientific literature reveals several compounds such as polysaccharides, triterpenes and polyphenols that may be responsible for most of the mentioned therapeutic effects. Several compounds found in chaga mushrooms may lead to their beneficial effects, including antioxidant polyphenols, as well as betulin and betulinic acid, which have been linked to anti-cancer effects. &nbsp; Lanostans such as inotodiol are also being investigated for their cytotoxic effects. 5

Ganoderma-lucidum

Ganoderma lucidum 

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If Chaga&nbsp; is the King of Mushrooms, then Reishi is the Queen (also called Ganoderma lingzhi). This beautiful mushroom has a shiny red, fan-shaped look. A lover of temperate forests, Reishi thrives on most hardwoods and fruit trees. This mushroom is great for supporting sleep and relaxation without creating drowsiness. It has been used for centuries in Chinese and Japanese culture to maintain overall health and well-being. Reishi has a bitter taste and is therefore often mixed with other bitter ingredients such as coffee or chocolate.

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The health effects of the reishi mushroom may result from its ability to regulate the composition of the microbiota, as the polysaccharides found in reishi demonstrate prebiotic effects and may increase the number of beneficial bacteria in the host.&nbsp;

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Reishi also promotes well-being during seasonal changes and offers support to help you stay physically active. Reishi is also known as the "10,000-year-old mushroom" and is traditionally used for longevity.&nbsp;

Turkey-tail-(Trametes-versicolor)

Turkey tail (Trametes versicolor) 

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The next favorite is a mushroom, which is often overlooked and again has many names - Colorful Trammetes, Colorful Dust, Colorful Powder Mushroom and others. The turkey tail has amazing health and healing properties. If you take the time to do further research, you'll be amazed at some of the benefits of this small tree sponge. And once you understand what it looks like, you'll see it pop up everywhere as you enjoy your forest walks.&nbsp;&nbsp;

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The immunomodulatory properties of this fungus are due to two protein-bound polysaccharides present in the fungal extract: the polysaccharide peptide (PSP), extracted from the deep-layer cultured mycelium of the fungal strain COV-1 and used most extensively in China, and glycoprotein PSK, derived from the CM101 strain and used most extensively in Japan. They are mainly composed of β-glucans and are among the most studied biocompounds of mushrooms.

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In traditional medicine, turkey tail fungi are used therapeutically for fungal infections, cancer and acquired immune deficiency syndrome.&nbsp;

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Modern research on animal models of breast cancer suggests that C. versicolor exerts an antitumor and antimetastatic effect, indicating that it may reduce the risk of developing secondary cancers. Polysaccharide-K (PSK), a patented turkey-tail formula, is approved in Japan as an adjunct cancer treatment. 4&nbsp;

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A 2007 meta-analysis of over 8,000 patients conducted by Kyoto Higher School of Medicine in Japan found that PSK in combination with chemotherapy increased patients' survival rates after gastric cancer resection. 6

Shiitake-(Lentinula-edodes)

Shiitake (Lentinula edodes) 

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Shiitake is a delicious edible mushroom native to East Asia. This popular mushroom is perhaps better known for its flavor than for its benefits. This mushroom gets its name from the Japanese words "shii" tree, where these mushrooms first grew, and "take" means mushroom. Among its many advantages, shiitake is an antiviral, antibacterial agent and has antitumor properties. For example, lentinan, which is a glucan extracted from shiitake, is currently used as an additional treatment for tumors, especially in China and Japan.&nbsp;

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Lentinan can also act on the activation of inflammasomes, components of the innate immune system responsible for triggering inflammatory responses. Components of shiitake have demonstrated inhibitory effects on lung carcinoma LAP0927 cell lines and colorectal carcinoma CT26 cell line in various studies. 7

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At the heart of the current use of lentinan as an adjuvant in oncological therapies are also several preclinical studies in which polysaccharide has been tested together with substances used in chemotherapy treatment.&nbsp;

Lion's-mane-(Hericium-erinaceus)

Lion's mane (Hericium erinaceus) 

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Last but not least is the wonderful mushroom Lion's Mane. There are many strange nicknames, including a mushroom with a monkey's head, a mushroom with a bearded tooth, a satyr's beard, a bearded hedgehog mushroom and many other equally entertaining ones. Considered a gourmet mushroom with a delicate taste of seafood, Lion's Mane has become a world leader in functional mushrooms. Its unique benefits include supporting brain function and memory, immunity, and overcoming anxiety and depression.

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This medicinal mushroom also has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, immunostimulating, antidiabetic, antimicrobial and antihyperglycemic properties, although its most common use is for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and cognitive impairments. 8

How-to-consume-medicinal-mushrooms?

How to consume medicinal mushrooms? 

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Medicinal mushrooms are available as dietary supplements in several forms, including as liquid extracts, powders, and capsules. Culinary mushrooms, such as maitake and shiitake, can be used in dishes such as soups, stews, french fries, pasta and omelettes.

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Tea is also often made from whole fresh or dried mushrooms. Tea can be made by soaking three to ten grams of mushrooms in hot water for about five to ten minutes. Mushrooms that are woody and dry, such as reishi or chaga, may need to be soaked for longer or boiled. Because they have a strong taste, some people prefer to add a sweetener such as honey or maple syrup to tea.

That was a lot of information, wasn't it? This is because the kingdom of fungi is one of the most diverse groups of organisms in the world. Fungi existed before any other terrestrial plant or animal and spent billions of years learning how to adapt to any threat from the environment. They play the important role of ecological digesters while absorbing food from the plant matter from which they live. As a result, mushrooms such as lion's mane, reishi, chaga, cordyceps, turkey tail, shiitake and maitake offer numerous health benefits.

Top 5 most powerful medicinal mushrooms for health and immunity

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Бетина Цветкова

Natural-remedies-for-constant-fatigue-and-exhaustion

Natural remedies for constant fatigue and exhaustion

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Licorice-root

Licorice root 

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Although not considered a true medical diagnosis, adrenal fatigue is the name given to a set of symptoms, including body aches, digestive problems, exhaustion, nervousness, and insomnia, that many people experience.

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Your adrenal glands, located on the upper front of each of the two kidneys, are responsible for creating cortisol. Although this hormone plays a crucial role in the body's response to stress, constant stress can cause the glands to produce excessive levels of cortisol, which is detrimental to health. And licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra), in a standardized form, is a commonly used natural remedy for this type of constant fatigue. &nbsp;<a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/12/2751" target="_blank" data-ref="Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice): A Comprehensive Review on Its Phytochemistry, Biological Activities, Clinical Evidence and Toxicology" rel="noopener">[ref. 1]</a>&nbsp;

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Licorice allows your body to cope better with stress and has been used for thousands of years in Ayurvedic and Chinese medicine. You could say it's an adaptogen.&nbsp;

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To restore cortisol levels, look for standardized licorice root in the form of an extract or pills. If you are taking blood-thinning medications, potassium, or blood pressure, talk to your doctor before taking licorice root because licorice — albeit in large quantities — can cause blood pressure to rise.

Asian-Ginseng

Asian Ginseng 

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In traditional Chinese medicine, Panax ginseng (also known as Asian ginseng) is taken as a tonic that is thought to energize. Today it is used as a dietary supplement to improve overall well-being, as well as for health problems such as cardiovascular disorders, depression, erectile dysfunction, hot flashes in menopause and fatigue. &nbsp;<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK92776/" target="_blank" data-ref="Page not available - NCBI BookshelfTwitterFacebookLinkedInGitHubNCBI Insights BlogTwitterFacebookYoutube" rel="noopener">[ref. 2]</a>&nbsp;

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A study published in 2018 in the Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine supported claims to combat the fatigue of American and Asian ginseng. &nbsp;<a href="https://www.liebertpub.com/action/cookieAbsent" target="_blank" data-ref="" rel="noopener">[ref 3]</a>&nbsp; &nbsp;Asian ginseng is available in the form of tea, capsules and other forms. If you are taking antidepressants, diabetes, or blood-thinning medications, consult your doctor first.

Macs

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Multiple studies, including a study published in 2019 in the journal Natural Product Research and another in 2017 in the International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, have shown that maca extracts have an anti-fatigue effect in animals. &nbsp;<a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0141813016314428?via%3Dihub" target="_blank" data-ref="ScienceDirectScience DirectScienceDirect helpElsevierRELX Group" rel="noopener">[ref. 4]</a>&nbsp;

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Part of the cruciferous family, this plant is known for its energizing action in humans as well. Those who used maca root continuously reported feeling more awake, motivated, and energetic.

Cordyceps

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An animal study published in 2015 in Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine suggested that this healing mushroom, popular in Chinese medicine as a leading natural remedy for fighting fatigue, improving muscle weakness, and boosting athletic performance, really helps fight fatigue.&nbsp;

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Cordyceps has both anti-aging and anti-tumor properties and also helps fight inflammation, which can be the cause of fatigue. 5

Siberian-ginseng

Siberian ginseng 

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The color of this small, woody shrub is commonly used in Chinese medicine as a natural remedy for chronic fatigue. Although it is not true ginseng, it is known that Siberian ginseng helps to cope with stress and may have effectiveness in people with constant fatigue. More research is needed on its action in this aspect.

Fatigue is a term used to describe an overall feeling of fatigue or lack of energy. It's not the same as drowsiness, for example. Constant fatigue, on the other hand, lasts longer, is deeper and is not relieved even with rest. Both conditions can stem from external factors, such as stress, tension, sleep deprivation, hormonal problems, and medical conditions. It is important to limit and control these factors so as not to lead to extreme exhaustion. In addition to medications and modification of habits, the use of certain natural remedies can also help to cope with constant fatigue and exhaustion. They are not suitable for everyone, so always consult a doctor before use.

How to Deal with Constant Fatigue and Exhaustion using Natural Remedies

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How to Deal with Constant Fatigue and Exhaustion usingNatural Remedies

What-is-gelatin

What is gelatin

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If you've ever eaten jelly beans or marshmallows, then you've already encountered gelatin. Gelatin is a clear, tasteless protein that thickens and hardens liquid and semi-liquid foods, such as soups and jelly beans with fun shapes.&nbsp;

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Gelatin is obtained from animal collagen, usually from the bones, connective tissue, and skin of pigs, cattle, and other animals. Collagen can also be obtained from fish bones. Boiling the bones extracts the protein, which is formed as it cools.&nbsp;&nbsp;

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Collagen is the most abundant protein found in humans and animals. It is found almost everywhere in the body but is most common in the skin, bones, tendons, and ligaments. And the gelatin extracted during this process is tasteless and colorless. Dissolves in warm water and acquires a jelly-like texture when cooled. 1

Is-gelatin-good-for-health?

Is gelatin good for health? 

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Gelatin consists almost entirely of proteins, but does not contain all the essential amino acids. 1 In particular, does not contain the main amino acid Tryptophan. Here are the most common amino acids in gelatin derived from mammals:&nbsp;

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Glycine: 27%</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Proline: 16%</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Valin: 14%</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Hydroxyproline: 14%</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Glutamic acid: 11%</li></ul>In terms of vitamins and minerals, gelatin is not a source of such, but one can get enough of them through other sources. Therefore, we would say that gelatin is rather useful as it provides important amino acids for various health purposes.

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Like collagen, gelatin is useful for preventing intestinal damage and improving the mucous membrane of the digestive tract, thereby preventing high intestinal permeability and the development of IBS syndrome.

As a type of protein derived from collagen, gelatin is found in animal foods that provide us with important amino acids. These are the "building blocks" of proteins. The benefits of gelatin include supporting bone-joint health, intestinal health and cognitive function.&nbsp;