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"The rose is the only thing you can take with you to the afterlife, for it is not of this world."

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(Persian wisdom)

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Ah, these roses, so charismatic, in themselves iconic symbols of romance and love. The very word "rose" seems to bring freshness and coolness to our thoughts, freeing up little room for love. It is difficult to find a person who does not admire the aroma and beauty of these bright flowers. A single flower can allow us to express our feelings without a word being uttered, and this is the rose.&nbsp;

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But besides being beautiful, it can also be useful for the skin with its antiseptic and antibacterial properties. We will tell you in detail about them in the article.&nbsp;

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Image by Pixabay from pexels

Rosa-damascena---why-is-it-so-valuable

Rosa damascena - why is it so valuable

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Rosa damascena mill L., known as Gole Mohammadi, is one of the most important types of flowers of the Roseflower family. R. damascena is a decorative plant and besides the perfumery effect, several pharmacological properties have been established and studied for this plant, including anti-HIV, antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-cough, hypnotic, antidiabetic and relaxing action. [ref.1] Besides them, the benefits for beauty and skin are no less significant - in acne, sensitive skin on the face or scalp, and much more that we will tell you about.&nbsp;

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A brief historical report shows that this scent was known and preferred thousands of years back in time. There are reports that indicate that many years ago several civilizations used rose water in their spiritual rituals and procedures [ref.2]. Rose water is mentioned in the ancient medical texts of countries such as China, India, Persia, Assyria, Egypt, Greece and Rome.

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An interesting assumption in this regard comes from Ancient Egypt. Cleopatra used rose oil as an aphrodisiac about 3,000 years ago. It is believed that old civilizations&nbsp; such as Babylonia used rose oil and rose water in their medicines and rituals. At the same time, in India they were used in royal kitchens for the needs of the royal family.&nbsp;

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Ancient Rome revered rose water for its antiseptic and antibacterial properties. They preferred it for both hand washing and body bathing.&nbsp;

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In the Middle Ages, rose water was used to overcome stress and depression, to relieve tension and anxiety. And today, rose water is used for many purposes in every household, including personal care.

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The extraction of essential oil from the colors began around the 7th century BC. Hr. In Iran, as Rosa damascena was transferred to Europe later and successfully cultivated in European countries. Today Bulgaria and Turkey are the main producers of R.damascena essential oil in the world, and Bulgarian R.damascena oil is best known and revered as "liquid gold".

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There is evidence that the Rosaceae family is an ancient plant. Rose fossils were discovered in America and date back nearly 30 million years. [ref.2]

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Photo by Thais Do Rio on Unsplash&nbsp;

Useful-properties-of-rose-water

Useful properties of rose water

Skin-elixir

Skin elixir

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Rose water is used in cosmetic care by many women and rightly so. It provides a wide range of benefits for the skin. Rose water is a very good means of purifying the skin and protects it from bacterial infections. [ref.3] It is also a wonderful tonic as it tones the skin and helps remove dirt, traces of make-up and fatty secretions that we naturally release.&nbsp;

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With rose water, sunburns and wounds can also be relieved and extinguished, and the risk of allergic reactions is practically zero. Rose water also helps to stimulate circulation in the skin and reduces varicose veins and varicose capillaries. No less important is that rose water contributes to maintaining the pH balance in the skin, which is extremely important for its long-term health and has a calming effect in acne and eczema. [ref.4]

Anti-inflammatory-agent

Anti-inflammatory agent

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Extracts extracted from the petals of Rosa damascena (Rosaceae) are used in Iranian folk medicine as healing agents in some inflammatory diseases. [ref.5] In another study, inhibition of neutrophil adhesion and antimicrobial activity by diluted hydrosol derived from Rosa damascena was found. Hydrosol, prepared from the colors of Rosa damascena (rose water), is traditionally used for various health problems, including skin irritations such as erythema multiforme, itching, swelling and others. [ref. 6, 7] It is clear from the results in the studies that rose water has a potential positive effect for inhibiting inflammation of the skin caused by microbes.

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Rose water is rich in vitamins A and C, which exhibit strong anti-inflammatory properties and can help soothe irritated skin.

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Photo by Michelle Leman from Pexels

A-gift-for-soothing-the-eyes

A gift for soothing the eyes

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Rose water is very effective at soothing tired and tense eyes, and such a problem is increasingly common in today's digital world, in which we are all in front of "smart" screens. It is good for those people who spend long hours in front of a computer for work, to try the power of rose water to relieve tension in the eyes. Applying rose water to the eyes, for example, through cotton, gives shine to the soft skin in this area and relieves them of tension.&nbsp;

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Dark circles under the eyes can also be influenced by gentle rose water, as evidenced by a paper published in the Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine [ref. 8] According to the team of researchers, rose water and its components have an antiviral effect against herpes simplex viruses, as well as against antimicrobial action against bacteria:

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<ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Xanthomonas vesicatoria</li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Chromobacterium violaceum&nbsp;</li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Erwinia carotovora strains</li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Staphylococcus aureus</li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Bacillus Cereus</li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Staphylococcus Epidermidis</li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Pseudomonas fluorescens</li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Escherichia coli</li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Proteus vulgaris</li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Candida albicans</li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Enterococcus faecalis and others.&nbsp;</li> </ul>

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Relief of chest pain and painful menstruation

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The anti-inflammatory effect of rose leaf tea and vitamin profile help reduce dysmenorrhea or menstrual pain in women. A double-blind cross-clinical trial in 92 girls showed that ethanol extract from the fruits of R. damascena had similar efficacy to that of mephenamic acid to reduce pain in primary dysmenoreal syndrome (PMS), without side effects. [ref.9]

Support-digestion

Support digestion

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Drinking rose water can also help reduce symptoms of bloating and an "irregular stomach." It is known to improve digestion by increasing bile flow and can also act as a laxative, improving intestinal motor skills. Therefore, rose water can also be taken for constipation.

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Recipes-for-preparing-at-home

Recipes for preparing at home

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The main advantages of rose water are that it has a wonderful aroma, can help with anxiety and depression and has powerful antiseptic properties that can help prevent and treat infections. And another advantage is the ease with which it is prepared at home.

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Recipe for organic rose water

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All you need is 4-5 colors of fragrant organic roses, water and a few ice cubes.&nbsp;

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Remove the pink colors from the stems and carefully rinse them to remove dirt. Place a bowl in the center of an empty saucepan, then add the rose petals around the bowl. Add water (enough to cover the petals) and heat the heat to simmer. Put the lid upside down - this will help capture the pink water vapor for this method of distillation.&nbsp;&nbsp;

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Add ice to the top of the lid of the pan. As soon as the ice has melted, add more cubes. This helps to condense the evaporated rose water. Keep repeating this step.&nbsp;

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In about 30 minutes, the rose water will be ready. It must have condensed into the bowl you put in the middle of the pot. Pour the rose water into a clean glass container. Store in a cool, dry place to keep it lovely and intact.

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It is important to follow a few guidelines when selecting roses - you can use any kind of rose petals to make rose water, but first make sure that the petals meet these requirements:

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<ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Organically grown or without pesticides - you do not want to use roses that have taken harmful chemicals on them. Most roses are grown to be placed in vases, not distilled for oral intake. So if you are buying from a florist or farmers market, make sure that no pesticides are used in their cultivation.</li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Not grown near a road - flowers grown near a street will absorb additional contamination and should not be consumed.</li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Check if you are allergic - test the petals of the flowers on your forearms, carefully dragging them along your skin to make sure you are not allergic to them.</li> </ul>

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Photo by Charlotte May from Pexels

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Rose water for facial cleansing

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It is very easy to prepare rose water for cleaning a face with the right instructions.

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Rose water is a gift from nature that can do wonders with the skin. It is no coincidence that rose water is used as an ingredient in many cosmetic products due to its refreshing aroma and beneficial properties for the skin. It acts toning and soothing, nourishes and maintains the youthful appearance of the skin and protects it from damage.

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Here are the steps you need to follow to prepare rose water:

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<ol> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Collect some fresh rose petals early in the morning after sunrise.</li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Wash the petals thoroughly with clean water.</li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Place the petals in a large saucepan with distilled water (necessarily distilled).</li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Pour water to cover the petals.</li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Cover the pan with a lid and leave over a low heat.</li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Wait for the water to burn until it acquires the color of the rose petals.</li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Strain the water, leave to cool, and then store in a suitable glass container.</li> </ol>

More-rose-water-applications

More rose water applications

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You can add rose water to the rituals you give yourself daily for more health, tranquility and vitality by selecting a few ideas in the following list:

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<ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Tonic - just add a little on a cotton swab and carefully apply on a clean face</li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Elixir - add rose water to a spray bottle to revive the withered skin and get a fresher look</li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Eye mask - soak a cotton swab in chilled rose water and put on the eyelids</li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Cleansing the scalp - use as a last rinsing after balm or mask during bathing</li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Make-up remover - mix 1:3 rose water and coconut oil, shake to mix well and use for demakiage&nbsp;</li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Stress relief – add a little rose water to the warm bath</li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Rose water for drinking - can help healthy and balanced intestines and counteract pathogens</li> </ul>

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One thing is for sure: rose water is the secret to beauty, in which many women swear and maintain clean beautiful skin, but rose water is multi-lyca and proves useful for what we carry inside the surface.

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Rosa × Damascena <a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/en/herb/15545" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.herbal-organic.com/en/herb/15545</a>&nbsp;

Shinwari, Maryum &amp; Ibrar Shinwari, Muhammad. (2003). Medicinal and Economic Uses of Rose with Reference to Ancient Civilization. Hamdard medicus. XLVI. 5-11. <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270762588_Medicinal_and_Economic_Uses_of_Rose_with_Reference_to_Ancient_Civilization" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270762588_Medicinal_and_Economic_Uses_of_Rose_with_Reference_to_Ancient_Civilization</a>&nbsp;

Boskabady MH, Shafei MN, Saberi Z, Amini S. Pharmacological effects of rosa damascena. Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2011;14(4):295-307. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC3586833/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC3586833/</a>&nbsp;

Chemical constituents, experimental and clinical pharmacology of Rosa damascena: a literature review. <a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/en/pubmed/Chemical_constituents_experimental_and_clinical_pharmacology_of_Rosa_damascena_a_literature_review_31709541" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.herbal-organic.com/en/pubmed/Chemical_constituents_experimental_and_clinical_pharmacology_of_Rosa_damascena_a_literature_review_31709541</a>&nbsp;

Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Rosa damascena Hydroalcoholic Extract and its Essential Oil in Animal Models. <a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/en/pubmed/Analgesic_and_Anti_inflammatory_Effects_of_Rosa_damascena_Hydroalcoholic_Extract_and_its_Essential_Oil_in_Animal_Models_24363723" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.herbal-organic.com/en/pubmed/Analgesic_and_Anti_inflammatory_Effects_of_Rosa_damascena_Hydroalcoholic_Extract_and_its_Essential_Oil_in_Animal_Models_24363723</a>&nbsp;

Inhibition of Neutrophil Adhesion and Antimicrobial Activity by Diluted Hydrosol Prepared from Rosa damascena. <a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/en/pubmed/Inhibition_of_Neutrophil_Adhesion_and_Antimicrobial_Activity_by_Diluted_Hydrosol_Prepared_from_Rosa_damascena_28154255" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.herbal-organic.com/en/pubmed/Inhibition_of_Neutrophil_Adhesion_and_Antimicrobial_Activity_by_Diluted_Hydrosol_Prepared_from_Rosa_damascena_28154255</a>&nbsp;

Erythema Multiforme <a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/en/disease/43641" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.herbal-organic.com/en/disease/43641</a>&nbsp;

Mahboubi M. Rosa damascena as holy ancient herb with novel applications. J Tradit Complement Med. 2015;6(1):10-16. Published 2015 Oct 30. doi:10.1016/j.jtcme.2015.09.005 <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC4737971/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC4737971/</a>&nbsp;

Bani S, Hasanpour S, Mousavi Z, Mostafa Garehbaghi P, Gojazadeh M. (2014) The effect of Rosa damascena extract on primary dysmenorrhea: a double-blind crossover clinical trial. Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal, 16, e14643. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24719710/

Apricots (Prunus armeniaca) are stone fruits, also known as Armenian plums. Round in shape and yellow in color, they look like a smaller version of the peach (Prunus persica), but share the taste of plums (Prunus). They are extremely nutritious and have many health benefits, such as supporting digestion and vision, poor in calories but rich in certain nutrients. It is also remarkable that there is evidence of the anticancer properties of apricot seeds. We will review in detail each of these advantages of apricots.

Nutritional composition and benefits of apricots (Prunus armeniaca)

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Watermelon is sweet and refreshing, suitable for a low-calorie summer snack or as an additional source of plenty of water. As well as contributing to hydration, watermelon abounds in essential nutrients including vitamins, minerals and antioxidants.

Why watermelon is so healthy and nutritious 

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Yarrow tea is prepared from a popular medicinal herb called yarrow (Achillea millefolium). It has been used for thousands of years because of its potential health benefits. In fact, the name of the genus to which Achillea belongs refers to the Warrior Achilles in Greek mythology, since he used yarrow to treat the wounds of his soldiers. More than 140 different types of Achillea are known, which are characterized by their grape flowers and aromatic leaves. Studies have shown that this plant may have different benefits prepared such as herbal tea, extract or essential oil.

5 Benefits and Uses of Yarrow Yea (Achillea millefolium)

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Jaundice, or snake milk (Chelidonium majus), is traditionally used to improve vision, and in modern times it is used as a mild sedative and antispasmodic agent in the treatment of bronchitis, whooping cough, asthma, jaundice, gallstones and pain in the gallbladder. All these applications are probably due to the compounds contained therein, such as proteins, alkaloids, сhelidonic acid and perhaps also polyphenols. However, there are some important details to keep in mind, especially in relation to toxicity in larger quantities. It can be used as an infusion, tincture or externally apply the juice of the plant for a variety of health problems.

Snake Milk (Chelidonium majus) - A Plant with Beautiful Colors and Benefits for the Digestive Tract

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Essential oils are extracted and distilled oils from various beneficial plants. These oils contain the chemical compounds that characterize and maintain the life cycle of the plant. As a form of alternative medicine, essential oils are usually used in aromatherapy - a holistic type of treatment practiced for a thousand years. 

The Power Of Antifungal Essential Oils - And How They Work

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Vitamin A (also retinol or retinoic acid) is a nutrient that is extremely important for the vision, growth, cell division, reproduction and immunity of the human body. Spinach, carrots, sweet potatoes and red peppers are just some of its food sources, and the benefits of the vitamin are amzing. Stay with us to find out what vitamin A contribution is to the health of other organs and systems, how it is digested and used by our bodies.

20 Foods With Excellent Vitamin A Content (Retinol)

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Melissa officinalis is a perennial herbaceous plant of the flower family Lamiales cultivated in different parts of the world. Lemon Balm leaves, Melissa officinalis L (Lamiaceae), are used in Iranian folk medicine and are known for their digestive, antispasmodic, sedative, analgesic, and diuretic properties, as well as are applicable to functional gastrointestinal disorders. Lemon balm can also help to relieve the stress and anxiety that accompanies our modern life.

Benefits of Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis) for stress, anxiety and other conditions

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Levisticum officinale, or Lovage, is a perennial herbaceous plant of the parsley family (Apiaceae) originating in southern Europe. It is cultivated for its stems and leaves, which are used for herbal tea, such as vegetable and for flavoring foods, especially meat. Its rhizomes (underground stems) are used as a carminative agent, and its seeds - as a flavoring agent in sweet foods and liqueurs. Extremely diverse and interesting are the areas of action of Lovage, for which we prepared two articles and now you can read the second one.

Top health benefits of Levisticum officinale (Part 2)

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For the end, we can say that R.damascena is a sacred ancient plant with modern and very interesting pharmacological properties. More research needs to be done in relation to traditional use of rose water, as well as to consider potential areas of utility associated with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and anti-ageing effects.&nbsp;

Rose water for beauty and health - recipes for preparing at home

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 Rose water for beauty and health - recipes for preparing at home

Бетина Цветкова

Tea tree is a very well-known essential oil, which is usually used because of its strong antifungal properties. Tea Tree (or Melaleuca Alternifolia) is also one of the most widely studied, documented and clinically proven therapeutic essential oils available for use today. Tea tree is one of the oils that have been used in folk medicine for millennia and is one of the strongest antiseptics. The oil is obtained from leaves and branches by steam distillation and is used as complementary therapy in surgery, with various types of burns and dental problems, bronchial congestion, infected wounds and much more.

Origin-and-essence-of-the-tea-tree-(Melaleuca-Alternifolia)

Origin and essence of the tea tree (Melaleuca Alternifolia)

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Melaleuca alternifolia, commonly known as "tea tree", is a type of tree or tall shrub of the Myrtovi family - Myrtaceae. Endemic species for Australia (characteristic ofa certain geographical location), Melaleuca Alternifolia is found in southeastern Queensland and the north coast and adjacent ridges of New South Wales, where it grows along streams and in swampy plains and is often the dominant species, where it can be detected. [ref.1]

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Melaleuca alternifolia has been used as a tool of traditional medicine by Aborigines. These Indigenous Australians crush the tea tree leaves to extract the oil, which is then inhaled to treat cough and cold or applied directly to the skin.

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In fact, the plant did not get the name "tea tree" until 1770, when the name was given by British explorer Captain James Cook and his crew. Although Cook's crew first used the tea leaves, he later mixed them with spruce leaves like beer. The medicinal properties of the plant remained a secret to Australian Aborigines until the early 1920s, when the chemist from Sydney, Australia, Dr Arthur Penfold, examined its antiseptic properties. A short time later, Penfold published "Australian Tea Trees of Economic Value."

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Today, tea tree oil is widely available as 100% undiluted or "clean" oil. Diluted forms are also available, ranging from 5-50% in products intended for the skin. It is more interesting to tell you about what oil can be useful for and how it is used, so we continue with the answers to these questions.

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Photo by RODNAE Productions from Pexels

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Composition and useful properties of the tea tree

Composition

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Tea tree oil consists of terpene hydrocarbons, mainly monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and related alcohols. Terpenes are volatile, aromatic hydrocarbons and can be considered polymers of isoprene, which has a formula C5H8. The more significant are terpinen-4-ol, γ-terpinene, 1,8-eneol, α-terpinene, α-terpineol, p-cimen and α-pinene. With biological activity, the antimicrobial activity of tea tree oil is mainly attributed to terpine-4-ol.

Useful-properties

Useful properties

Antimicrobial-action

Antimicrobial action

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It is known that a wide variety of essential oils have antimicrobial properties, and in many cases this activity is due to the presence of active monoterpene ingredients. This also applies to the tea tree - Melaleuca Alternifolia has proven antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effect thanks to its components, as well as proven clinical efficacy [ref.1]

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The in vitro antifungal activity of Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil was evaluated against 26 strains of different types of dermatophytes, 54 yeasts, including 32 strains of Candida albicans and other Candida sp., as well as 22 different strains of Malassezia furfur. [ref.2] Tea tree oil inhibits breathing in cell suspensions of E. coli, providing evidence of lethal action associated with damage to the cytoplasmic membrane. [ref.8]

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Similar to the results found for bacteria, tea tree oil alters the permeability of C. albicans cells, as well as the opportunistic Candida glabrata, which has high resistance to certain antifungal drugs and can cause infections affecting the urinary tract, genitals, mouth or blood flow (in some risk groups with impaired immunity, this is especially dangerous). [ref. 3, 4]

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From the more recent discoveries about the tea tree, the most promising new function of the oil is counteracting the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). [ref.5]

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Anti-inflammatory-action

Anti-inflammatory action

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Tea tree oil can help reduce inflammation, which is due to the high concentration of terpine-4-ol, a compound with anti-inflammatory properties. In animal tests, terpine-4-ol was found to suppress inflammatory activity in cases of infection in the mouth. In humans, locally applied tea tree oil reduces edema more effectively in inflammation of the skin caused by histamine than paraffin oil.

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In vitro studies over the past decade have shown that tea tree oil affects a number of immune responses, both in vitro and in vivo. For example, water-soluble components of oil can inhibit lipopolysaccharides-induced production of inflammatory mediators tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-10 from monocytes of human peripheral blood by approximately 50% and that of prostaglandin E2 by about 30%.

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Another interesting field of research shows that terpine-4-ol modulates vasodilation and plasma extravasation associated with histamine-induced inflammation in humans. In other words, the active ingredient of the oil can help alleviate the symptoms of histamine intolerance.

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The potential anti-inflammatory effects of Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil on human peripheral blood leukocytes also examined the fungicidal and bactericidal action of Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil. Data show that Melaleuca alternifolia can effectively protect the body by reducing the proliferation of inflammatory cells without affecting their ability to secrete anti-inflammatory cytokines. [ref.9].

Antiseptic-action

Antiseptic action

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Tea tree essential oil is an excellent natural antiseptic for skin infections, and the oil is recognized as one of the most powerful antiseptics in nature. The oil immediately penetrates into the outer layers of the skin and is mixed with the body's oils to treat conditions such as insect bites, cuts, burns, acne, infected wounds, bruises, runny nose, diaper rash, mycosis, hives and sunburn. [ref.

Means-of-personal-hygiene

Means of personal hygiene

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To combat plaque, it is recommended to wash teeth with toothpaste containing tea tree oil or add a little to a simple toothpaste, as well as adding a few drops of tea tree oil to mouthwash. The latter helps both teeth and gums. With inflamed gums, a few drops of oil can be used to smear on the sore spot.

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Cosmetic-agent

Cosmetic agent

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Tea tree oil has a pronounced antioxidant effect, which is beneficial for anti-ageing effect, reducing dark circles under the eyes, wrinkles, fine lines, pigment and other spots and imperfections on the skin. You can apply tea tree oil with a cotton swab to the affected areas or if you have sensitive skin - mix it with jojoba oil, almond or coconut oil before use.

Herbs and bioactive substances