Valerian (Valeriana officinalis, Caprifoliaceae) is a  perennial flowering plant native to Europe and Asia. In the summer when the mature plant may have a height of 1.5 metres (5 ft), it bears sweetly scented pink or white flowers that attract many fly species, especially hoverflies of the genus Eristalis. It is consumed as food by the larvae of some Lepidoptera (butterfly and moth) species, including the grey pug.

Crude extract of valerian root may have sedative and anxiolytic effects, and is commonly ...

valeriana officinalis

Can-essential-oils-reduce-snoring?

Can essential oils reduce snoring? 

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Essential oils have been used for millennia to treat various diseases. [ref.1] They are made by extracting natural chemicals from certain plants. These chemicals give plants their smells and tastes, so extracting them is like capturing the essence of the plant. Real essential oils are extracted naturally, by steaming or crushing different parts of the plant. Essential oils are often made from bark of trees, roots, flowers, leaves and herbs.

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In aromatherapy, for example, essential oils are usually inhaled or diluted and applied to the skin. They are not intended for internal use. Clinical trials have shown that essential oils can reduce nausea and anxiety in people with cancer. Other studies point out to the antibacterial effects of some locally applied essential oils.

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Although there is currently insufficient evidence to support these statements, many people reported the positive effect of essential oils in some common problems, one of which is snoring.

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According to statistics, nearly half of adults snore, and over 25 percent are habitually snoring. Problematic snoring and sleep disorders are more common in men and overweight people and usually get worse with age. Snoring is definitely unpleasant for others, but it can also be a sign of a more serious condition known as obstructive sleep apnea. This condition occurs in about three percent of the total population.

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How-essential-oils-can-help-with-snoring-and-sleep-apnea

How essential oils can help with snoring and sleep apnea 

Thymus-vulgaris

Thymus vulgaris  

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According to experts in the field of aromatherapy massage, rubbing a little oil of aromatic thyme on the legs at night can reduce snoring. [ref.2]

Mint-(Mentha)

Mint (Mentha)

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Mint oil has a purifying effect, helping to clear the sinuses and making breathing easier. Inhalation of mint oil can also help to cleanse the secretions that the respiratory system can hold. [ref.3]

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Eucalyptus

Eucalyptus_1_0

Early research has shown that eucalyptus can help break down mucus in the respiratory system, including in the sinuses and at the back of the throat. [ref.4] People use eucalyptus oil to relieve symptoms of asthma and bronchitis, and it also has antibacterial action. [ref.5]

Cedar-Wood-(Cedrus)

Cedar Wood (Cedrus)

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Cedar tree has a pleasant woody smell, which can help reduce anxiety and relax muscles. This can help you get into a state of relaxation and wellness to prepare the body for sleep. [ref.6]

Lemon-(Citrus-limon)

Lemon (Citrus limon) 

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<h3>&nbsp;The fresh citrus aroma of lemon oil is a natural remedy for improving your mood. Lemon oil can also help by reducing anxiety and promoting the sense of relaxation that is needed for a good night sleep. [ref.7]</h3>

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Clove-(Syzygium-aromaticum)

Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) 

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Cloves is an herb and spice with various medical applications. Clove oil is used to make it easier to separate sputum from the body. It can also help break down sputum that moves to the back of the throat during sleep. [ref.8] S. aromaticum is rich in many phytochemicals, such as sesquiterpenes, monoterpenes, hydrocarbons and phenolic compounds. Evgenil acetate, eugenol and &beta;-caryophylene are the most significant phytochemicals in clove oil.&nbsp;

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Pharmacologically, S. aromaticum has been studied against various pathogenic parasites and microorganisms, including pathogenic bacteria, plasmodies, parasites Theileria, herpes simplex and hepatitis C viruses. Several reports document the analgesic, antioxidant, anticancer, antiseptic, antidepressant, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antifungal and antibacterial activity of the eugenol. [ref.9]

Pine-(Pinus)

Pine (Pinus)

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Essential oil obtained from pine needles has both antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Aromatherapy experts also use it for massage and relaxation of tense muscles and inflamed joints. Massage therapy with pine oil can be an effective tool for dealing with insomnia.

Dill-(Anethum-graveolens)

Dill (Anethum graveolens)

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Dill can provide anti-inflammatory properties. Some people use it to reduce inflammation in the nose and throat and improve the flow of air through the nasal passages. This relief can contribute to easier sleep. [ref.10]

Salvia-officinalis

Salvia officinalis 

Salvia-officinalis_1_0

Sage oils have long been used and appreciated for their healing potential. [ref.11] Sage oil can be effective against respiratory infections, such as the common cold. It can also help improve blood circulation and hot flushes in postmenopausal women. [ref.12]

Citronella-(Cymbopogon-Winterianus)

Citronella (Cymbopogon Winterianus) 

Citronella-(Cymbopogon-Winterianus)_1_0

Citronella oil has detoxifying and anti-inflammatory properties that can help better cleanse the body of toxins that disrupt hormonal balance and normal sleep cycle.&nbsp; [ref.13]

Lavender-(Lavandula)

Lavender (Lavandula) 

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Lavender is the most commonly used oil to treat insomnia. This oil promotes relaxation and can cause the release of melatonin, the sleep hormone. In addition, lavender oil acts as an antidepressant. [ref.14]

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Mayorana-(Marjoram)

Mayorana (Marjoram) 

Mayorana-(Marjoram)_1_0

Majorana has expectorant effects that can help break down some of the mucus that prevents breathing at night. [ref.15] This&nbsp; plant also has anti-inflammatory properties due to its active ingredients as well as antioxidant action. [ref.16]

Valerian-root-(Valeriana-officinalis)

Valerian root (Valeriana officinalis)

Valerian-root-(Valeriana-officinalis)_1_0

Valerian root has proven sedative effects, which is why it is often present in natural formulas to support sleep. [ref.17] Valerian oil can help you enjoy a restful night's sleep, as well as the anti-inflammatory and antibacterial action of the oil. [ref.18]

Valerian-root-(Valeriana-officinalis)_1_1

How-to-use-essential-oils-to-cope-with-snoring-or-sleep-apnea

How to use essential oils to cope with snoring or sleep apnea 

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There are several ways to use essential oils in sleep disorders:

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Air diffusion and inhalation</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Add diluted oil to a hot tub</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Add a few drops of oil to a glass of water</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Add essential oil to base oil such as coconut and directly rub it into the skin</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Add a few drops of diluted essential oil and directly rub it in the feet</li></ul>

Sleep problems can be due to excessive stress, anxiety and many other factors. Some natural essential oils can help to relieve this stress, prepare your body for a state of relaxation and good night sleep. These include valerian oil, lavender, sage and clove, as well as other less well-known such as majorana, citronella and cedar wood.

How essential oils help with snoring and sleep problems

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Бетина Цветкова

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Author: Rositsa Tashkova, Master of Molecular Biology and Microbiology

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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or ADHD is characterized by great impulsivity, hyperactivity and inability to self-control and concentration.

What-is-ADHD

What is ADHD

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The disease occurs more often in boys and persists throughout life in many of those affected, but others manage to partially overcome it or develop mechanisms by which it does not manifest itself so strongly and does not interfere with their lives.

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According to some sources, the condition affects 1 in 12 children or teenagers.

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The syndrome is classified as:

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<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">developmental disease - delayed development of the frontal lobe of the brain leads to delayed development of self-control, which is characteristic of ADHD;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">behavioural disorder;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">neurological pathology.</li>
</ul>

Lifestyle-changes-that-may-improve-the-condition

Lifestyle changes that may improve the condition

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Some lifestyle changes may help ADHD sufferers avoid medication.

Exercise

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Several studies in recent years have shown that exercise helps children (suffering from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or not) to better concentrate on mental tasks afterwards. [<a href="https://www.jpeds.com/article/S0022-3476(12)00994-8/fulltext" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.2</a>]

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Alternating physical with mental activity gives better results and greater productivity at all and is especially suitable for children for whom concentration is more than an effort of will.

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Good-sleep

Good sleep

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Sleep is another factor that needs to be addressed in children with ADHD. Studies have shown that when they are tired, children with or without ADHD often become hyperactive when they are tired. Adults become slower and slothful when tired, but the reaction of children is the opposite. It is assumed that one of the reasons for hyperactivity is that it helps children stay awake. [<a href="https://www.apa.org/monitor/2013/02/easing-adhd" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.3</a>]

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In addition, it was found that even just half or an hour more or less of sleep affects children's mood and abilities. Therefore, an approach worth trying is for the child to sleep a little longer than usual.

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Foods and drinks to avoid

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Some foods and beverages may worsen symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder:

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<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Candy - sugar and artificial colorants badly affect sufferers of the syndrome;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Carbonated drinks and caffeine - containing drinks;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Some frozen fruits and vegetables - problematic are those containing artificial dyes or organophosphates are used in their cultivation;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Cakes and glazes - because of the large amount of sugar and colorants;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Energy drinks - unfortunately are too popular both among young children and among teenagers;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Fish high in mercury - such are the large ocean fish, the shark.</li>
</ul>

Vitamins-and-minerals-to-help-ADHD-sufferers

Vitamins and minerals to help ADHD sufferers

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Some vitamins, minerals and other supplements may improve the condition of those suffering from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

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Additives that may have a beneficial effect are:

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<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Zinc - low levels of zinc are associated with both decreased function of the immune system and a number of diseases of the brain - Parkinson's, <a href="/p/altskhaimier_i_diemientsiia_6_bilki_koito_pomaghat_sporied_kitaiskata_traditsionna_mieditsina_c66a2085_1e30_40d8_9347_9fa3d0ac5bd2" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"></a>Alzheimer's , depression and last but not least- ADHD. Additional zinc intake can improve the condition of those suffering from these diseases.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Iron - according to some studies, ADHD sufferers often have iron deficiency and it has been found that additional intake and normalization of its levels can alleviate symptoms.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Omega-3 fatty acids - it has been found that people suffering from SDVH or other behavioral abnormalities often have decreased levels of omega-3 fatty acid called docosahexaenic acid (DHA). Read more in the article Why <a href="/p/zashcho_omiegha_3_mastnitie_kisielini_sa_zdravoslovni_i_za_kakvo_sie_izpolzvat" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">omega-3 fatty acids are healthy and what they are used for</a>. </li>
</ul>

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Vitamins-and-minerals-to-help-ADHD-sufferers_2_4

<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Vitamins of group B - vitamin B6 seems to have a beneficial effect on the symptoms of ADHD, especially in combination with magnesium. According to some studies, the intake of folic acid (vitamin B9) during pregnancy is of great importance and the children of women who have not had sufficient intake, more often suffer from the disease.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Magnesium - the additional intake of magnesium can have a beneficial effect only in cases where the sufferer of ADHD has a proven magnesium deficiency. In high doses, it can be toxic.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Melatonin - can be beneficial for children with ADHD who also suffer from insomnia. Only after consulting a doctor.</li>
</ul>

Herbs-to-help-ADHD-sufferers

Herbs to help ADHD sufferers

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Some herbs and medicinal plants may also improve the condition of those suffering from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Most of them are sedative. Consultation with a doctor before taking any herbs is mandatory.

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Here are who they are:

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<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng) - it is possible to suppresshyperactivity. Read more in the article <a href="/p/zhienshient_8_prichini_poradi_koito_kitaitsitie_gho_narichat_kralitsata_na_bilkitie" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Ginseng: 8 reasons why the Chinese call it the "Queen of Herbs"</a>.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">A combination of valerian (Valeriana officinalis) and Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis) - according to a study on169 children from 2014, this combination significantly improves all symptoms of ADHD - hyperactivity, lack of concentration, impulsivity, insomnia. [<a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/en/eng/research/pubmed/Hyperactivity_concentration_difficulties_and_impulsiveness_improve_during_seven_weeks_treatment_with_valerian_root_and_lemon_balm_extracts_in_primary_school_children_24837472" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.4</a>]</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"> Ginkgo biloba - the results of the tests are mixed, some showing improvement and others lack of effectiveness. If you decide to try this herb, it is mandatory to consult a doctor, since it interacts with many drugs, including blood thinners and the combination with themcan lead to hemorrhages. Not suitable for those suffering from intestinal diseases.</li>
</ul>

Herbs-to-help-ADHD-sufferers_3_3

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<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Brahmi, Bacopa monnieri - some studies have shown an improvement in concentration in adults suffering from ADHD.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Gotu cola,&nbsp;Asian centella - rich in vitaminsB1, B2 and B6 - can suppress anxiety.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Sea pine extract (Pinus pinaster) - is commercially available under the tradename Pycnogenol and according to some studies may have a beneficial effect on the concentration and hyperactivity of sufferers of the syndrome.</li>
</ul>

Genetic-causes-of-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder

Genetic causes of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Genetic-causes-of-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder_4_0

It is believed that the main cause of the disease is genetic , that is, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ishereditary. Observations in twins confirm this.

Genetic-causes-of-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder_4_1

Other genes with which a link has been established are the dopamine transport gene (SLC6A3 or DAT1), catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), a synapthosomal-bound protein of 25kD (SNAP25) [<a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/en/eng/research/pubmed/An_Overview_on_the_Genetics_of_ADHD_20396407" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.1</a>]

Genetic-causes-of-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder_4_2

Perhaps a great deal of importance for the disease is the interaction between genes and environmental factors. Sometimes the manifestation of a gene, whether it has a protective role or poses a risk, depends on the presence or absence of certain environmental factors.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder may have varying degrees of manifestation in those affected, but with the help of the right combination of approaches , symptoms can be alleviated and social functionsrestored.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) - How To Treat It Without Drugs

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 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) - How To Treat It

Rositsa Tashkova-Kacharova

Adaptation of the text: Rositsa Tashkova, Master of Molecular Biology and Microbiology

The Russian state occupies vast territories with diverse climatic conditions and includes many peoples and their culture. This makes especially interesting the study of their folk medicine.

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Medicinal plants have been used in the lands that make up modern Russia since ancient times. A study of numerous written sources shows that herbal treatments were applied by the Scythians living in the northern territories along the Black Sea coast between the Dniester and Don rivers (from the 7th century BC to the 1st century AD).

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The collection and use of medicinal plants in Russia became especially widespread during the reign of Peter I (1672-1725), who personally grew medicinal herbs in his private garden. &nbsp;

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This article is devoted to the most common herbal recipes from Russian folk medicine for the treatment of various dermatological diseases. Medicinal plants are well known and available in our country. The information is taken from the article "Russian traditional medicine in dermatology", published in 2018 in the journal Clinics in Dermatology. [<a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0738081X18300439" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.1</a>]

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The authors Prof. Dr. Olisova, Prof. Dr. Snarskaya, Prof. Dr. Gladko and Prof. Dr. Burova are dermatologists with long-standing practice in Moscow and London.

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In <a href="/p/liesni_rietsiepti_ot_ruskata_narodna_mieditsina_za_liechieniie_na_kozhni_zaboliavaniia_chast_1_vitiligho_infiektsii_bradavitsi_bc3df7f8_9ae1_4e6a_a6f1_ceb16618772d" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">the first part of the article</a>, you learned what are the recipes that Russian folk medicine uses to treat vitiligo, infections and warts, and in <a href="/p/liesni_rietsiepti_ot_ruskata_narodna_mieditsina_za_liechieniie_na_kozhni_zaboliavaniia_chast_2_aknie_diermatit_rozatsieia" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">the </a>second - for acne, dermatitis and rosacea. Here you will find recipes for dealing with hyperpigmentation, wrinkles, psoriasis, hyperhidrosis.

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Herbal-Recipes-For-Dealing-With-Hyperpigmentation

Herbal Recipes For Dealing With Hyperpigmentation

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There are many causes of hyperpigmentation. It can be focal or diffuse and in most cases is due to increased melanin production. Diffuse pigmentation indicates systemic disease, for example, Addison's disease and hemochromatosis.

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Hyperpigmentation may have a paraneoplastic character. After inflammation, hyperpigmentation is the most common cause of focal pigmentation, while melasma and ochronosis have a more complex etiology.

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Folk medicine does not distinguish between types of hyperpigmentation and should therefore be used with caution.

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Russian folk medicine uses the whitening properties of lemon, grapefruit, sauerkraut, radish, parsley, cucumber, egg white, oatmeal, dandelion juice and milkweed (asclepias). It also uses dairy products such as kefir, whey and fermented milk to make lotions to treat pigmented skin.

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Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) belongs to the genus Cucumis of the Cucurbitaceae family. Studies show high antioxidant activity, analgesic and anti-inflammatory action (thanks to flavonol fizetin).

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Cucumber has been used to relieve headaches, seeds - such as diuretic, juice - applied topically against acne and hyperpigmentation.

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It contains vitamins B and C, honey, potassium, manganese, proteolytic enzymes, rutin, oxidase, succinic and maleic dehydrogenases, etc. Alpha- and Beta-amirin, sytosterols and hellebozids are found in seeds, and hellebobids B and C and ferredoxin in the leaves.

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The effectiveness of cucumber preparations in the treatment of hyperpigmentation is also due to the proposed inhibitory tyrosine activity of the plant.

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Lemon is used as a means of treating hyperpigmentation due to its high concentration of vitamin C, as well as as peeling of the skin. Other fruits high in vitamin C include tomatoes, red peppers, potatoes, blackcurrants and citrus fruits.

Herbal-Recipes-For-Dealing-With-Hyperpigmentation_0_9

Recipe-1:-Lemon-solution-for-skin-whitening

Recipe 1: Lemon solution for skin whitening

Recipe-1:-Lemon-solution-for-skin-whitening_0_0

Preparation: Dilute the freshly squeezed lemon juice with water in a ratio of 1:10.

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Method of administration: Apply the solution several times a day to the affected skin.

Recipe-2:-Mask-with-starch-and-lemon-juice-against-dark-spots-on-the-skin

Recipe 2: Mask with starch and lemon juice against dark spots on the skin

Recipe-2:-Mask-with-starch-and-lemon-juice-against-dark-spots-on-the-skin_0_0

Preparation: Mask made of starch and lemon juice for sun lentigo - depending on the number of stains, half or a tablespoon of potato starch is dissolved in freshly squeezed lemon juice until a dense mass forms.

Recipe-2:-Mask-with-starch-and-lemon-juice-against-dark-spots-on-the-skin_0_1

Method of administration: Apply to the pigmentation areas and leave for 20-25 minutes. Note that lemon juice can irritate the skin.

valeriana officinalis

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) - How To Treat It Without Drugs

Easy Recipes From Russian Folk Medicine For The Treatment Of Skin Diseases. Part 3: Hyperpigmentation, Wrinkles, Psoriasis, Hyperhidrosis

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