or Labiatae are a family of flowering plants commonly known as the mint or deadnettle or sage family. Many of the plants are aromatic in all parts and include widely used culinary herbs like basil, mentha, rosemary, sage, savory, marjoram, oregano, hyssop, thyme, lavender, and perilla. Some species are shrubs, trees (such as teak), or, rarely, vines.  Many members of the family are widely cultivated, not only for their aromatic qualities, but also their ease ...

lamiaceae

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Natural-Remedies:-Garlic,-Echinacea,-and-More

Natural Remedies: Garlic, Echinacea, and More

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Garlic, also known as Allium sativum, has been utilized for millennia for its beneficial culinary and medicinal attributes. A sulfur-containing compound in garlic, allicin, has shown effectiveness against an array of microorganisms, including Salmonella.

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Echinacea, scientifically termed Echinacea purpurea, is a native North American flowering plant. Its immune-enhancing properties are due to a combination of alkamides, caffeic acid derivatives, polysaccharides, and glycoproteins, which together contribute to its bacteriostatic effect.

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Moreover, herbs such as thyme (Thymus vulgaris) and oregano (Origanum vulgare) show promising results. Thyme owes its antimicrobial properties to thymol, a potent essential oil, whereas carvacrol in oregano is recognized for its antibacterial qualities.

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Botanical-Insights

Botanical Insights

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The garlic plant, part of the Allium genus, is a close relative to onions, shallots, and leeks. This herbaceous perennial is recognized for its bulb made up of several cloves.

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Echinacea purpurea, popularly known as the purple coneflower, belongs to the Asteraceae family. It stands out with its sizable, purple, daisy-like flowers.

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Thyme, part of the Lamiaceae or mint family, is an evergreen herb with culinary, medicinal, and decorative uses. Its small, aromatic leaves are used in various recipes and herbal remedies.

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Oregano is also a perennial herb and part of the Lamiaceae family. It is recognized for its aromatic leaves, used fresh or dried in numerous global cuisines.

Homemade-Remedies:-Recipes-for-Enhancing-Immunity-and-Combating-Bacteria

Homemade Remedies: Recipes for Enhancing Immunity and Combating Bacteria

Garlic-Infused-Honey

Garlic Infused Honey

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Blend 10 peeled and crushed garlic cloves into 200 ml of raw honey. </li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Store this mixture in a jar and consume a teaspoon daily, preferably </li></ul>before breakfast.

Echinacea-Tea

Echinacea Tea

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Steep 1 tablespoon of dried Echinacea purpurea root in 1 cup of boiling water for 15 minutes.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"> Strain and enjoy 1-3 cups daily during flu seasons or when you feel a bacterial infection coming on.</li></ul>

Thyme-and-Oregano-Oil-Capsules

Thyme and Oregano Oil Capsules

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<ul><li style="list-style-type: none;"><ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">&nbsp;Acquire thyme and oregano essential oils and vegetable capsules.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"> Fill each capsule with 1-2 drops of each oil and take one capsule daily.</li></ul>Remember to discuss with your healthcare provider before initiating any new supplement routine, especially if you're on medication or have existing health conditions.

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Anticancer-Properties-of-Garlic-and-Echinacea

Anticancer Properties of Garlic and Echinacea

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Garlic has been researched for its possible anticancer benefits. The sulfur-containing compound allicin, along with other organosulfur compounds in garlic, have been linked to cancer prevention and reduction. Echinacea also demonstrates potential in enhancing the immune response against cancer.

Questions-and-Answers

Questions and Answers

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Q: Can these herbs replace antibiotics for Salmonella infections treatment?

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A: Although these herbs demonstrate antimicrobial properties, they should not substitute antibiotics in severe Salmonella infections. Always consult with a healthcare provider for appropriate treatment.

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Q: Can I use any honey type for the Garlic Infused Honey recipe?

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A: It is preferable to use raw honey, as it retains more of its antimicrobial and healing properties than processed honey.

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Q: Can these herbs be used during pregnancy or breastfeeding?

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A: &nbsp;Although these herbs are generally safe, it is always best to discuss with a healthcare provider before using them during pregnancy or breastfeeding.

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Q: Can these herbs interact with other medications?

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A: Indeed, these herbs, like any other substance, can potentially interact with medications. Always consult with a healthcare provider before beginning a new supplement regimen.

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Q: Can these herbs prevent Salmonella infections?

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A: &nbsp;While these herbs possess antimicrobial properties, they should not be solely relied upon for prevention. Proper food handling and hygiene are the most effective preventive strategies.

References

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4103721/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Garlic: a review of potential therapeutic effects</a><a href="https://chat.openai.com/#user-content-fnref-1%5E" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> </a></li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4441164/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Echinacea plants as antioxidant and antibacterial agents</a><a href="https://chat.openai.com/#user-content-fnref-2%5E" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> </a></li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0956713595000653" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Antimicrobial properties of plant essential oils and essences against five important food-borne pathogens</a><a href="https://chat.openai.com/#user-content-fnref-3%5E" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> </a></li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513279/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The Battle against Microbial Pathogens: Basic Science, Technological Advances and Educational Programs</a><a href="https://chat.openai.com/#user-content-fnref-4%5E" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> </a></li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11238809/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Garlic and cancer: a critical review of the epidemiologic literature</a><a href="https://chat.openai.com/#user-content-fnref-5%5E" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> </a></li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5042869/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Echinacea and its alkylamides: effects on the influenza A-induced secretion of cytokines, chemokines, and PGE₂ from RAW 264.7 macrophage-like cells</a><a href="https://chat.openai.com/#user-content-fnref-6%5E" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> </a></li></ul>

Garlic, Echinacea, thyme, and oregano may act as natural allies against Salmonella infection due to their antimicrobial and immune-boosting properties. These herbs can be included in your diet through various recipes, such as honey infusions, teas, and oil capsules. Always consult with a healthcare provider before starting a new supplement regimen.

Can Garlic and Echinacea Help Against Salmonella Infections?

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Natural-remedies

Natural remedies

Tea-tree-oil-(Melaleuca-alternifolia)

Tea tree oil (Melaleuca alternifolia)

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Tea tree oil is derived from the leaves of the Australian tea tree, Melaleuca alternifolia. This plant is a member of the Myrtaceae family and is native to Australia. Tea tree oil has been widely studied for its antifungal properties and is considered a potent alternative for treating onychomycosis (1).

Recipe-for-home-preparation

Recipe for home preparation

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Mix a few drops of tea tree oil with a carrier oil, such as coconut or almond oil, and apply it to the affected nails twice daily.

Scientific-reference

Scientific reference

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&nbsp;(1) Hammer, K. A., Carson, C. F., &amp; Riley, T. V. (2003). Antifungal activity of the components of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 95(4), 853-860.

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Oregano-oil-(Origanum-vulgare)

Oregano oil (Origanum vulgare)

Oregano-oil-(Origanum-vulgare)_0_0

Oregano oil is derived from the leaves and flowers of the oregano plant, Origanum vulgare. This plant belongs to the Lamiaceae family and is native to the Mediterranean region. Oregano oil contains a compound called carvacrol, which has been shown to possess strong antifungal properties against nail fungus (2).

&nbsp;Mix 2-3 drops of oregano oil with a carrier oil and apply to the affected nails twice daily.

&nbsp;(2) Nostro, A., Sudano Roccaro, A., Bisignano, G., Marino, A., Cannatelli, M. A., Pizzimenti, F. C., ... &amp; Blanco, A. R. (2007). Effects of oregano, carvacrol and thymol on Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms. Journal of Medical Microbiology, 56(4), 519-523.

Garlic-(Allium-sativum)

Garlic (Allium sativum)

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Garlic, Allium sativum, is a member of the Alliaceae family and has been used for centuries for its medicinal properties. Recent studies have shown that garlic extracts exhibit potent antifungal activity against onychomycosis (3).

&nbsp;Crush a few cloves of garlic and apply the paste directly onto the affected nails. Alternatively, you can also dilute garlic oil with a carrier oil and apply it to the nails.

&nbsp;(3) Lemar, K. M., Turner, M. P., &amp; Lloyd, D. (2002). Garlic (Allium sativum) as an anti-Candida agent: a comparison of the efficacy of fresh garlic and freeze-dried extracts. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 93(3), 398-405.

Cinnamon-oil-(Cinnamomum-zeylanicum)

Cinnamon oil (Cinnamomum zeylanicum)

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Cinnamon oil is derived from the bark of the cinnamon tree, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, which belongs to the Lauraceae family. Studies have shown that cinnamon oil has antifungal activity against nail fungus (4).

&nbsp;Mix a few drops of cinnamon oil with a carrier oil, such as jojoba or almond oil, and apply it to the affected nails twice daily.

(4) Quale, J. M., Landman, D., Zaman, M. M., Burney, S., &amp; Sathe, S. S. (1996). In vitro activity of Cinnamomum zeylanicum against azole resistant and sensitive Candida species and a pilot study of cinnamon for oral candidiasis. The American journal of Chinese medicine, 24(02), 103-109.

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Q: How long does it take to see improvement in my nails after using these herbal remedies?

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A: The duration for visible improvement varies from person to person, depending on the severity of the infection and individual response to the treatment. However, it's important to be patient and consistent with the application of these herbal remedies. You may start to see improvement in a few weeks, but it can take several months for the nails to fully recover.

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Q: Can I combine multiple herbal remedies for better results?

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A: Yes, you can combine different herbal remedies to enhance their antifungal properties. For example, you can mix tea tree oil with oregano oil or garlic oil with cinnamon oil. Always make sure to dilute the essential oils with a carrier oil before applying to the affected nails.

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Q: Are there any side effects to using these herbal remedies?

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A: Herbal remedies are generally considered safe when used as directed. However, some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions, especially when using undiluted essential oils. It's important to perform a patch test on a small area of skin before applying any remedy to the affected nails. If you experience any adverse effects, discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional.

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Q: Can I use these remedies for toenail fungus as well?

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A: Yes, these herbal remedies can be used for both fingernail and toenail fungus. The application method and frequency remain the same for both types of nail fungus.

Referrals

Referrals_1_0

(1) Hammer, K. A., Carson, C. F., &amp; Riley, T. V. (2003). Antifungal activity of the components of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 95(4), 853-860.

Referrals_1_1

(2) Nostro, A., Sudano Roccaro, A., Bisignano, G., Marino, A., Cannatelli, M. A., Pizzimenti, F. C., ... &amp; Blanco, A. R. (2007). Effects of oregano, carvacrol and thymol on Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms. Journal of Medical Microbiology, 56(4), 519-523.

Referrals_1_2

(3) Lemar, K. M., Turner, M. P., &amp; Lloyd, D. (2002). Garlic (Allium sativum) as an anti-Candida agent: a comparison of the efficacy of fresh garlic and freeze-dried extracts. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 93(3), 398-405.

Referrals_1_3

(4) Quale, J. M., Landman, D., Zaman, M. M., Burney, S., &amp; Sathe, S. S. (1996). In vitro activity of Cinnamomum zeylanicum against azole resistant and sensitive Candida species and a pilot study of cinnamon for oral candidiasis. The American journal of Chinese medicine, 24(02), 103-109.

In conclusion, herbal remedies like tea tree oil, oregano oil, garlic, and cinnamon oil offer promising alternatives for treating onychomycosis. These natural remedies have been scientifically studied and proven to exhibit antifungal properties against nail fungus. With proper and consistent application, they can potentially help banish nail fungus and restore the health of your nails.

Banishing Nail Fungus: Top Herbal Remedies for Onychomycosis

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The-most-important-thing-about-cancer

The most important thing about cancer

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Cancer is a complex genetic disorder that catalyzes the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells throughout the body, leading to life-threatening consequences. Aging, differences in lifestyle, genetic factors, hormonal changes and environmental exposure to carcinogens constitute major factors leading to cancer activation in humans. 1

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According to 2020 statistics, cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for nearly 10 million deaths in 2020, or nearly one in six deaths. Globally, about 17 million people are diagnosed with cancer each year, and this trend is forecast to intensify dramatically in the near future. About 36 types of cancer have already been identified in humans, and a significant association between sex and type of cancer has been observed. Men are usually more prone to colorectal cancer, liver, lung, prostate and stomach cancers, while women suffer more from breast, cervical cancer, colorectal cancer, lung and thyroid cancer. 2&nbsp;

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In general, the development of cancer can be divided into three stages:

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Initiation in which exposure to a carcinogen induces DNA damage and mutations at the cellular level due to damage/error in DNA repair mechanisms;&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Initiation in which cell expansion leads to hyper proliferation, modification and inflammation of cells/tissues;&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Progression in which tumor formation occurs from preneoplastic cells by clonal expansion. 3</li></ul>DNA damage causes genomic instability, which is a major cause of cancer 4. Although some of the conventional methods such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy and surgery are effective in treating cancer, they can lead to major side effects and toxicity.

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Given the lack of effective and safe approaches, as well as the complexity of cancers, the development of new and natural chemotherapeutic agents is strongly needed. In this respect, the pharmacological properties of certain essential oils may be available therapies to suppress cancer. 5

Essential-oils:-general-information-and-biological-effects

Essential oils: general information and biological effects

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The discovery of natural plant-based products is rightly recognized as a milestone in the history of healthcare, and their introduction to the market in combination with synthetic drugs helps to lead favorably in various health problems. As a result, the extraction of plant secondary metabolites, such as essential oils by steam or hydrodistillation processes, has made significant progress over the years. Stored in oil/resinous ducts, glands or trichomes of plants, these essential oils play an important role in protecting against extraneous agents and are involved in signal transduction pathways.&nbsp;

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Essential oils are a complex mixture of various chemical compounds, mainly characterized by volatility, aroma, low molecular weight and density. The diverse biological properties of essential oils stem from differences in their chemical composition and structure. At present, three main classes of components in essential oils have been identified, namely terpenes and terpenoids (with major contributions), phenols and aliphatic compounds.&nbsp;&nbsp;

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The data from the study on which this article is based are focused on studies dealing only with in vitro (non-living test)/in vivo (live testing) anticancer activities of essential oils in general. The analysis in Scopus was carried out for the last 10 years (2011–2020) on September 14, 2021, so the information is up to date as of that date.

Essential-oils-are-cytotoxic-in-nature

Essential oils are cytotoxic in nature

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Essential oils cause programmed cell death of cancer cells through apoptosis, necrosis, cell cycle arrest, and dysfunction of major cellular organelles. This is coordinated by an increase in membrane fluidity of the affected cell, decreased generation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a change in the pH gradient and loss of mitochondrial potential, which are the main precursors of cell death. All three main types of chemical components in oils, i.e. phenols, aldehydes and alcohols, have been described to fulfil this function.

Essential-oils-such-as-antimutagenic-and-antiproliferative-agents

Essential oils such as antimutagenic and antiproliferative agents

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Antioxidants are defined as compounds that can inhibit/slow the oxidation of free radicals when used in small amounts. Antioxidant action is one of the key biological properties of essential oils to cope with oxidative stress. For example, under in vivo conditions, increasing the activity of various antioxidant enzymes and oxidized glutathione from the components of the oil of Wedelia chinensis (Osbeck) Merr.&nbsp; provides protection against lung cancer in mice. 6

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With regard to the antimutagenic activity of essential oils, cancer can be inhibited by preventing the direct penetration of mutagens into the cell membrane, inactivating mutagens by direct clearance, trapping free radicals produced by mutagens, inhibiting the conversion of promutagens to mutagens by cytochrome P450 enzyme, enzymatic detoxification of mutagens, and efficient error-free DNA repair.&nbsp;

Antiproliferative-activity-of-essential-oils

Antiproliferative activity of essential oils

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Essential oils can exert an antiproliferative effect through multiple mechanisms, including cell membrane disruption (depolarization, increase in membrane permeability, or decrease in the activity of membrane-bound enzymes) and induction of apoptosis. 7

Essential-oils-and-their-constituents-in-different-cancer-cell-lines

Essential oils and their constituents in different cancer cell lines 

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Over the past few years, the chemoprevention of cancer using essential oils or their components has attracted a lot of attention among the scientific community. Many in vitro/in vivo studies have highlighted the anticancer activity of oils and, more precisely, their main constituents in various tumour cell lines. Next, we will look at who they are and in which types of cancer they can have the necessary effect.

Essential-oils-for-breast-cancer

Essential oils for breast cancer

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Silver fir (Abies alba Mill.)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Abies koreana (Pinaceae)&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Boswellia sacra (Burseraceae)&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Casearia sylvestris Sw. (Salicaceae/Flacourtiaceae)&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Cyperus articulatus L. (Cyperaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Garcinia atroviridis Griff. (Clusiaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Garcinia celebica L. (Clusiaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Glandora rosmarinifolia (Boraginaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Helichrysum gymnocephalum (Asteraceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Iryanthera polyneura (Myristicaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Liquidambar styraciflua L. (Altingiaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Myristica fragrans. (Myristicaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Pituranthos tortuosus Apiaceae)&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Solanum spirale Roxb.&nbsp;</li></ul>

Essential-oils-in-human-breast-cancer

Essential oils in human breast cancer

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Cedrelopsis grevei (Rutaceae)&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Melaleuca armillaris(Myrtaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Monodora myristica (Annonaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Origanum onites L. (Lamiaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Satureja montana L. subsp. pisidica (Lamiaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Varthemia iphionoides (Asteraceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Xylopia aethiopica (Annonaceae)</li></ul>

Essential-oils-in-human-glioblastoma

Essential oils in human glioblastoma

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Ageratum conyzoides (L.) L. (Asteraceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Drimys angustifolia (Winteraceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Drimys brasiliensis (Winteraceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Lippia multiflora (Verbenaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Liriodendron tulipifera L. (Magnoliaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Ocimum basilicum L. (Lamiaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Piper cernuum (Piperaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Scorodopholeus zenkeri (Fabaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Zingiber officinale (Zingiberaceae)</li></ul>

Essential-oils-in-human-colon-carcinoma

Essential oils in human colon carcinoma

Essential-oils-in-human-colon-carcinoma_5_0

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Afrostyrax lepidophyllus Mildbr. (Huaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Artemisia campestris L. (Asteraceae)&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Athanasia brownii Hochr. (Asteraceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Liriodendron tulipifera L. (Magnoliaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Pistacia lentiscus L. (Anacardiaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Scorodopholeus zenkeri (Fabaceae)</li></ul>

Essential-oils-in-human-mammary-adenocarcinoma

Essential oils in human mammary adenocarcinoma

Essential-oils-in-human-mammary-adenocarcinoma_5_0

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Athanasia brownii (Asteraceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Liriodendron tulipifera L. (Magnoliaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Nepeta ucranica L. spp. (Lamiaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Populus alba L. (Salicaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Lamiaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Scorodopholeus zenkeri (Fabaceae)</li></ul>

It has been found that various essential oils possess countless biological activities and beneficial components that can affect the development of various forms of cancer. These essential oil constituents contribute to the potential anticancer, antitumor, and antiproliferative properties of essential oils. They are specific to each type of plant and can be the basis of anticancer therapy, as well as used in the form of liposomes/nanoemulsions/nanoparticles against various types of cancer.